Številka 1/2008 ~ Issue 1/2008

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Kozma Ahačič: Bohoričev postopek prirejanja Melanchtonove skladnje. Jezik in slovstvo. 1/2008. 5–14.
Breda Pogorelec je kot prva pravilno identificirala Melanchthonovo predlogo za Bohoričevo poglavje o skladnji. Naš prispevek opisuje, kako je Bohorič na podlagi te predloge pisal poglavje o skladnji v svoji slovnici.

Kozma Ahačič: Bohorič’s Method of Adapting the Syntax of Melanchthon. Jezik in slovstvo. 1/2008. 5–14.
Breda Pogorelec was the first to accurately identify Melanchthon’s model in the chapter on syntax by Adam Bohorič. The paper describes the way in which Bohorič wrote the chapter on syntax in his grammar on the basis of this model.



Ina Ferbežar, Marko Stabej: Razumeti razumevanje. Jezik in slovstvo. 1/2008. 15–31.
Razumevanje je pojav v samem jedru humanističnih ved, čeprav je zaradi svoje kompleksnosti izmuzljiv. Tradicionalno jezikoslovje se z njim podrobneje ne ukvarja, saj domneva, da je zadosten pogoj za razumevanje že samo znanje jezika. V prispevku razumevanje definiramo kot tvorjenje pomena, ki je odvisno od razumevalčevih, družbenih in besedilnih dejavnikov. Razumevanje shematiziramo kot stopenjsko prekrivanje pomena, ki ga tvorita sporočevalec in razumevalec. Izpostavljene so tudi teoretske in metodološke dileme v zvezi z empiričnim merjenjem razumevanja.

Ina Ferbežar, Marko Stabej: Comprehending Comprehension. Jezik in slovstvo. 1/2008. 15–31.
Although rather elusive due to its complexity, comprehension is a phenomenon that lies at the very core of humanities. Traditional linguistics does not deal with it in detail, following the assumption that the knowledge of language in itself is sufficient for comprehension. In the paper comprehension is defined as a creation of meaning that depends on factors related to the comprehender, as well as on social and textual factors. Comprehension is schematized as the gradational overlapping of meaning created by the speaker and the comprehender. Furthermore, theoretical and methodological issues related to the empirical quantification of comprehension are emphasized.



Erika Kržišnik: Viri za kulturološko interpretacijo frazeoloških enot. Jezik in slovstvo. 1/2008. 33–47.
Prispevek je nadaljevanje razmišljanja o kulturološkem vidiku v frazeoloških obravnavah v Kržišnik 2005. Izhaja iz predpostavke, da so frazeološke enote zaradi svojih lastnosti posebej primerne za pretvorbo znakov kulture v jezikovno obliko in so zato pogosto nosilci kulturne konotacije. Na gradivu slovenske frazeologije so preverjeni možni viri za kulturološko interpretacijo frazemov – ti viri se nanašajo na vse tri temeljne kulturološke pristope, etnoligvističnega, lingvokulturološkega in kontrastivnega.

Erika Kržišnik: Sources for the Culture-Specific Interpretation of Phraseology. Jezik in slovstvo. 1/2008. 33–47.
The paper is a continuation of the consideration of the cultural aspect in discussions on phraseology in Kržišnik 2005. It follows from the presupposition that, due to their characteristics, phraseological units are particularly suitable for the transformation of cultural signs into language form, and are therefore often bearers of cultural connotation. Possible sources for the culture-specific interpretation of phraseology are verified on examples of Slovene phraseology. These sources are based on all three fundamental culture-specific approaches: ethnolinguistic, linguocultural and constrastive.



Tjaša Miklič: Raba prihodnjika za uresničena pretekla dejanja: retorični prijem »pogled naprej« v slovenščini in v nekaterih drugih jezikih. Jezik in slovstvo. 1/2008. 49–66.
Članek se osredinja na posebno besedilno funkcijo slovenskega prihodnjika v retoričnem prijemu »pogled naprej« (angl. flash-forward, franc. prolepse). To »nečasovno« vlogo opravljajo – skupaj s kontekstom – v nekaterih drugih jezikih različna izrazila, ki sicer prvenstveno služijo izražanju drugih funkcij – predvsem sugeriranju zadobnosti ali modalnosti (futur, kondicional, časovne in modalne perifraze ipd.). Zdi se, da je za kazanje na tovrstna uresničena pretekla dejanja uporaba slovenskega prihodnjika v nekaterih kontekstih ne le naravna, temveč je takrat celo nenadomestljiv, v drugih pa se kot bolj ali manj sprejemljiva možnost – verjetno po vzoru drugih jezikov – postopoma vse bolj uveljavlja.

Tjaša Miklič: The Use of Future Tense for Completed Past Actions: The Rhetorical Technique »Flash-Forward« in Slovene and in Certain Other Languages. Jezik in slovstvo. 1/2008. 49–66.
The paper focuses on the specific textual function of the Slovene future tense in the rhetorical technique »flash-forward« (Slovene: pogled naprej, French: prolepse). In various languages this »non-temporal« function is undertaken – along with the context – by various means of expression that primarily serve to convey other functions, above all suggesting »posterior« actions or modality (future, conditional, temporal and modal periphrases, etc.). It seems that the use of the Slovene future tense for indicating these kinds of completed past actions is in some contexts not only natural but even irreplaceable, while in other contexts, probably following the example of other languages, the use is gradually establishing itself as a more or less acceptable option.



Vesna Mikolič: Diskurzivna narava stereotipov in predsodkov ter soočanje z njimi v sodobni demokratični družbi. Jezik in slovstvo. 1/2008. 67–77.
Izhajajoč iz ideje strpnosti in dialoga kot temeljnih konceptov sodobne demokratične družbe, prispevek opredeljuje vlogo sterotipov in predsodkov pri doseganju teh demokratičnih idealov. Diskurzivna narava predsodkov na eni strani omogoča, da le-ti postanejo trdovratni ideološki konstrukti, po drugi strani pa nakazuje njihovo spremenljivost. Vsekakor pa smo priča novodobnim spremembam predsodkov, ki postajajo vse bolj prikriti, in njihovemu razmahu na nekaterih novih področjih njihovega pojavljanja. Ob takšnih korenitih spremembah v razvoju predsodkovnega mišljenja je še pomembneje razviti načine za učinkovito soočanje z njimi. V zadnjem delu prispevka so predstavljeni rezultati raziskave med srednješolsko populacijo v mestu Koper, ki potrjujejo učinkovitost t. i. kontaktne strategije pri ozaveščanju stereotipov in predsodkov.

Vesna Mikolič: The Discursive Nature of Stereotypes and Prejudices and their Confrontation in Contemporary Democratic Society. Jezik in slovstvo. 1/2008. 67–77.
Following from the idea of tolerance and dialogue as fundamental concepts of contemporary democratic society, the paper defines the role of stereotypes and prejudices in these democratic ideals. On the one hand, the discursive nature of prejudices enables them to become obstinate ideological constructs, while, on the other hand, it also indicates their mutability. In any case, we witness contemporary changes in prejudices, which are becoming ever more covert, and observe their tendency to appear in certain new areas. With such fundamental changes in the development of prejudicial thinking it is even more important to develop ways to efficiently confront these changes. In the last part of the paper the results of research amongst the secondary school population in the city of Koper are presented. These results confirm the efficiency of so-called contact strategies in increasing awareness of stereotypes and prejudices.



Tomaž Sajovic: Problem jezika v znanosti in visokošolskem izobraževanju ali problem znanosti in visokošolskega izobraževanja v Sloveniji? Jezik in slovstvo. 1/2008. 79–87.
V znanosti in visokošolskem izobraževanju v Sloveniji angleški jezik v večji ali manjši meri vedno bolj izpodriva slovenskega, kljub temu da izbira jezika pogosto vnaprej določa rezultat (I. Wallerstein). Vzrok so merila za znanstveno odličnost, ki dajejo prednost objavam v tujih znanstvenih revijah predvsem v angleškem jeziku, kar pa vsebinsko ni nič nevtralnega in zmanjšuje kritično zanimanje slovenskih znanstvenikov za probleme v domačem okolju ter seznanjanje javnosti z rezultati svojih raziskovanj. Rešitev je le v spremembi meril, ki bi spodbujala družbeno kritičnost, tega pa ni mogoče doseči brez besedil tudi v slovenskem jeziku. Pri tem pa naletimo na problematični, posamostaljeni, neosebni in nekomunikativni znanstveni jezik, tudi slovenski, ki je neločljivo povezan s temeljem novoveške znanosti: descartesovsko ločitvijo subjekta od objekta (raziskav). Revolucionarno odkritje kvantnega sveta pa je raziskovanje usmerilo v popolnoma drugo smer: od predmetov k procesom, od določenega k verjetnemu, od nespremenljivosti k spremenljivosti. Razrušilo je tudi descartesovsko delitev – raziskovanje kvantnega sveta je namreč v temelju odvisno od opazovalca in njegovega opazovanja – in pri kvantnih fizikih vzbudilo zanimanje za nenatančnost naravnega jezika. Za kvantne fizike je naravni jezik najbližji dinamični resničnosti. Na podlagi tako radikalno spremenjene znanstvene paradigme je tudi v jezikoslovju dozorelo spoznanje, da je treba, če hočemo zavestno stopiti v dialog z resničnostjo, radikalno odpreti in humanizirati znanstveni jezik. Tudi slovenskega.

Tomaž Sajovic: The Problem of Language in Science and in Higher Education or the Problem of Science and Higher Education in Slovenia? Jezik in slovstvo. 1/2008. 79–87.
In science and in higher education in Slovenia, the English language, to a greater or lesser degree, is increasingly forcing out the Slovene language, despite the fact that the choice of language often determines the result in advance (I. Wallerstein). This is caused by measures of scientific excellence that give priority to publication in foreign scientific journals, above all in the English language, which is in no way neutral in terms of content and reduces the critical interest of Slovene scientists in problems related to the domestic environment, as well as reducing their interest in familiarizing the public with the results of their research. The only solution lies in changing the measures that stimulate social criticism, which is impossible to achieve without Slovene language texts. Here we encounter problematic, highly nominalized, impersonal and uncommunicative scientific language, including Slovene language, which is inseparably connected with the foundation of contemporary science: the Cartesian separation of the subject from the object (of research). The revolutionary discovery of the quantum world has reoriented research in completely the opposite direction: from the objects to the processes, from the determined to the probable, from the immutable to the mutable. It has also destroyed the Cartesian division – research of the quantum world is fundamentally dependent on the observer and his or her observation, and amongst quantum physicists has stimulated an interest in imprecise natural language. For quantum physicists natural language is the closest to the dynamic reality. On the basis of such radical changes in the scientific paradigm, in linguistics there has also arisen an awareness of the fact that if we want to consciously enter into dialogue with reality it is necessary to radically open up and humanize scientific language, including Slovene scientific language.



Jana Zemljarič Miklavčič: Iskanje odgovorov na Vprašanja govorjenega jezika. Jezik in slovstvo. 1/2008. 89–106.
V prispevku so predstavljene nekatere značilnosti spontanega govora. Posebna pozornost je usmerjena k tistim, ki po tradicionalnem pojmovanju veljajo za odstope od kodifikacije knjižnega jezika. V razpravi ugotavljam, da imajo tudi te pojavnosti svojo notranjo logiko in da v njih lahko iščemo skupne zakonitosti. Ugotoviti poskušam, ali ima govorjeni jezik svojo slovnico, v zvezi s tem pa tudi, koliko je podob govorjenega jezika in kaj je osnovna enota spontanega govora. Med semantičnimi in skladenjskimi enotami se osredotočam na besedilne aktualizatorje, diskurzne označevalce, ponavljanja, napačne začetke, parafraziranja, prekrivni govor in premore v govoru; pojave opazujem na gradivu Učnega korpusa govorjene slovenščine in poskušam interpretirati izkazane rezultate; hipoteze bo mogoče preveriti na referenčnem korpusu govorjene slovenščine.

Jana Zemljarič Miklavčič: Seeking Answers to Questions of Spoken Language. Jezik in slovstvo. 1/2008. 89–106.
In the paper certain characteristics of spontaneous speech are presented. Particular attention is devoted to those characteristics that according to the traditional notion are considered to be departures from the codification of standard language. I establish that these characteristics also have their own internal logic and that we can seek common laws in them. I also try to determine whether spoken language has its own grammar, and in connection with this how many forms of spoken language there are and what the basis of spontaneous speech is. Amongst semantic and syntactic units I focus on textual actualizers, discourse markers, repetitions, false beginnings, paraphrases, concealed speech and pauses in speaking. I observe these features in material from The Pilot Corpus of Spoken Slovene and attempt to interpret the findings. It will be possible to verify the hypotheses on a reference corpus of spoken Slovene.