Številka 2/2006 ~ Issue 2/2006

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Matejka Grgič: Historična perspektiva preučevanja jezikoslovnih ved. Nekateri vidiki antičnega razumevanja jezika. Jezik in slovstvo. 2/2006. 3–18.
Ko preučujemo zgodovino jezikoslovnih ved, se srečujemo v glavnem z dvema možnostma: po eni strani bolje spoznavamo vede, na podlagi katerih se je razvilo sodobno jezikoslovje, po drugi pa skoraj na novo odkrivamo smeri, ki niso del jezikoslovne tradicije Zahoda. V prispevku so shematično prikazane nekatere jezikoslovne vede antične kulture. Del teh lahko brez težav umestimo v zahodni epistemološki kontekst, saj predstavljajo v marsikaterem vidiku celo začetek te tradicije. Problem historične perspektive pa se pojavlja pri drugih vedah oz. njihovih smereh, npr. pri semiotiki in t. i. metafizični etimologiji. Vprašanja, ki si jih ob takih primerih zastavljamo, so: Kako naj te vede preučujemo? Kako naj se do njih opredelimo? Je njihovo preučevanje sploh smiselno?

Matejka Grgič: A Historical Perspective of Studying Linguistics. Some Aspects of Understanding Language in the Antiquity. Jezik in slovstvo. 2/2006. 3–18.
When studying the history of linguistics, two options seem to be obvious: on the one hand, a better insight is gained into the sciences which have contributed to the development of modern linguistics, while, on the other hand, we can almost rediscover those studies, which are not part of the linguistic tradition in the West. This article is a schematic portrayal of some linguistic sciences of the Antiquity. Part of these can easily be placed within the Western epistemological context, since, in many aspects, they represent the very origins of this tradition. Such historical perspective, however, proves to be much more problematic with some other sciences or their studies, such as semiotics and so-called metaphysical etymology, for instance. Questions arising in such cases are: How to study these sciences? How to define them? Is it at all reasonable to study them?



Darinka Verdonik: Mhm, ja, no, dobro, glejte, eee ...: diskurzni označevalci v telefonskih pogovorih. Jezik in slovstvo. 2/2006. 19–36.
V razpravi s kvalitativnim in kvantitativnim pristopom analiziram izraze, ki jih na podlagi sorodnih raziskav v tujini poimenujem diskurzni označevalci: ja, mhm, aha, aja, ne?, no, eee, dobro/v redu/okej/prav, glejte/poglejte, veste, mislim, zdaj. Ti izrazi v analiziranih telefonskih pogovorih v turizmu pogosto ne prispevajo veliko k vsebini, pač pa so rabljeni predvsem v pragmatičnih vlogah, in sicer: omogočajo povezovanje s propozicijsko vsebino v smeri naprej ali nazaj, pomagajo pri razvijanju odnosa med sogovornikoma, pomagajo izražati odnos govorca do vsebine, pomagajo organizirati potek diskurza (menjavanje vlog, prehodi med tematskimi sklopi, prehod v zaključek pogovora ipd.). Raba teh izrazov je zelo pogosta, saj predstavljajo skoraj 14 % vseh besed v korpusu 15.000 besed. Stojijo večinoma ob mejah med izjavami in so zelo ohlapno vpeti v strukturo izjave.

Darinka Verdonik: Mhm, ja, no, dobro, glejte, eee ...: Discourse Markers in Slovene Telephone Conversations. Jezik in slovstvo. 2/2006. 19–36.
The article is a quantitative and qualitative approach to an analysis of expressions such as ja, mhm, aha, aja, ne?, no, eee, dobro/v redu/okej/prav, glejte/poglejte, veste, mislim, zdaj, which are referred to as discourse markers in similar studies abroad. In the analysed telephone conversations in tourism these expressions do not contribute much to the content of the conversation, but are used primarily in their pragmatic functions: enabling a link with the propositional content pointing either forward or backward, helping to develop relations between the participants engaged in a conversation, aiding the expression of the speaker's relation to the content, and helping organise the course of discourse (exchange of roles, transitions between different topics, a transition to the end of the conversation and similar). The use of these expressions is quite frequent, since they represent almost 14 per cent of all words in the corpus of 15,000 words. They are usually placed at the end between utterances, loosely positioned in the structure of the utterance.



Urška Jarnovič: Besedilni svet Daneta Zajca. Jezik in slovstvo. 2/2006. 37–52.
Namen prispevka je predstaviti kognitivnostilistično analizo pesniških besedil na primeru poezije Daneta Zajca. Gre za tip analize, ki se osredotoča na besedilne svetove kot miselne konstrukte, ki so posledica interakcije med sprejemnikom in besedilom. Na podlagi besedilno pogojenih inferenc ter sprejemnikovih že obstoječih védenj in izkušenj s svetom, v katerem živi, je mogoče poglobiti in razširiti spoznanja o načinih gradnje besedila. To hkrati pomeni dopolnitev in obogatitev jezikovnostilističnih analiz.

Urška Jarnovič: The Textual World of Dane Zajc. Jezik in slovstvo. 2/2006. 37–52.
The aim of this article is to show a cognitive and stylistic analysis of poetry written by Dane Zajc. This is a type of analysis focused on textual worlds as cognitive constructs produced as a result of the interaction between the receiver and the text. On the basis of inferences conditioned by the text and the receivers' previous knowledge and experience of the world in which they live, it is possible to deepen and expand comprehension of text formation. In addition, this is an expansion and improvement of linguistic and stylistic analyses.



Gašper Troha: Eksistencialistična drama. Jezik in slovstvo. 2/2006. 53–68.
Razprava se ukvarja z dramatiko, ki se je razvila v Franciji med 2. svetovno vojno in v desetletju po njej ter je bila tesno povezana s filozofijo eksistencializma. Po pregledu nekaterih dosedanjih definicij eksistencialistične drame s pomočjo Szondijevih tez in aktantskega modela Anne Ubersfeld izdelam novo definicijo žanra, katerega temelj je podoba njegovega aktantskega modela. Gre za dejstvo, da v njem manjka opozicijski par, kar eksistencialistična drama prikrije z vzpostavljanjem situacije ogroženosti – subjekt pripiše opozicijsko vlogo določenim dramskim osebam ali pa trčita dva neodvisna in nepopolna aktantska modela. Definicijo preverjam ob dramah Sartra in Camusa ter izbranih slovenskih avtorjih (Primožu Kozaku, Marjanu Rožancu in Dragu Jančarju). Ob slednjih se pokaže specifičnost slovenske eksistencialistične drame, ki je posledica družbene vloge dramatike v obdobju 1945–1990.

Gašper Troha: Existentialist Drama. Jezik in slovstvo. 2/2006. 53–68.
The article deals with playwriting, as developed in France during the Second World War and the decade that followed, which was closely related to the philosophy of existentialism. After a brief overview of some definitions of existentialist drama, a new definition of the genre is made with the help of Szondi’s theses and the actant model by Anna Ubersfeld, whose basis is the image of its actant model. In it, an opposition pair is missing which is concealed by the existentialist drama with the introduction of the situation of danger – a subject ascribes the oppositional role to certain dramatic personae or two independent and incomplete actant models collide. This definition is tested on the plays by Sartre and Camus, and some Slovene playwrights (Primož Kozak, Marjan Rožanc and Drago Jančar). The latter illustrate the specific features of Slovene existentialist drama, which is a result of the social role played by playwriting in the period between 1945 and 1990.



Vladka Tucovič: Tipologija esejev Iztoka Geistra. Jezik in slovstvo. 2/2006. 69–88.
Kot »odprta forma« je esej zaradi svoje žanrske hibridnosti genološko težko določljiv. Dodatno pa se njegova umestitev izkaže za težavno, ko s svojo tematiko izstopa iz siceršnjega prevladujočega tematskega polja povojne slovenske esejistike, po Miranu Štuhcu (2003: 7) umeščene v trikotnik »človek – književnost – narod«. V primeru esejev o naravi Iztoka Geistra avtorica ugotavlja, da je tipološki pristop h korpusu esejističnih besedil sedmih Geistrovih knjig mogoč na osnovi raziskovanja jezikovnega sloga oz. ubeseditvenega načina tematskega sklopa o naravi, iz česar sledi, da je njegove eseje mogoče razvrstiti v publicistični, poljudnoznanstveni in »umetniški« esej, slednjega še v poetični in (natančneje tematsko) v popotni esej.

Vladka Tucovič: A Typology of Essays by Iztok Geister. Jezik in slovstvo. 2/2006. 69–88.
The essay as an “open form” is genologically hard to determine due to its genre hybridity. Its classification seems even more difficult with its topics diverging from the generally predominant thematic domain of post-war Slovene essay writing, placed, according to Miran Štuhec (2003: 7), in the triangle of “humans – literature – nation”. In the case of essays on nature by Iztok Geister, the article concludes that a typological approach to the corpus of essays in seven books by Geister is possible on the basis of researching linguistic style or narrative features of the essays on nature, from which follows that his essays can be classified as journalistic, popular-science and “artistic” essays, while the latter can be further divided into poetic and (thematically more accurate) travel essays.