Številka 1/2021 ~ Issue 1/2021

Jerca Vogel : Kritična sporazumevalna zmožnost – osrednji koncept sodobnega pouka prvega jezika. Jezik in slovstvo. 1/2021. 3–16.
Kritična sporazumevalna zmožnost je že od 2008 opredeljena kot eden osrednjih ciljev pouka slovenščine kot prvega jezika, a se v šolski praksi še ne uresničuje dovolj. Ker se zdi, da je eden od razlogov tudi nejasna definiranost tega pojma v slovenski jezikovni didaktiki, skuša prispevek opredeliti kritično sporazumevalno zmožnost. Pri tem izhaja iz pojma ključne zmožnosti in značilnosti kritičnega mišljenja ter kritično sporazumevalno zmožnost predstavi kot kompleksno zmožnost, ki se uresničuje kot preplet kognitivne, jezikovne in kontekstualne zmožnosti ter od govorca zahteva zavest o razmerju med jezikom in kulturo, metakognicijo in sprejemanjem etične oz. družbene odgovornosti.
Ključne besede: kritična sporazumevalna zmožnost, pouk prvega jezika, ključne zmožnosti, kognitivna, jezikovna in kontekstualna zmožnost

Jerca Vogel : Critical Communicative Competence: The Central Concept of Modern First-Language Teaching. Jezik in slovstvo. 1/2021. 3–16.
Since 2008, critical communicative competence has been defined as one of the central goals of teaching Slovenian as the first language, but it has not yet been sufficiently implemented in teaching practice. As one of the reasons seems to be the lack of a clear definition of this concept in Slovenian language didactics, the paper tries to define critical communicative competence. Based on the concept of key competencies and the characteristics of critical thinking, critical communicative competence is represented as a complex competence, realised as the intertwining of cognitive, linguistic and contextual competencies. It requires the speaker to be aware of the relationship between language and culture, to be capable of metacognition, and to accept ethical and social responsibility.
Keywords: critical communicative competence, first language teaching, key competence, cognitive, linguistic and contextual competencies

PDF: http://www.jezikinslovstvo.com/pdf.php?part=2021|1|5-18



Martina Ožbot: Odnos do jezika in dvojezičnosti pri dijakih na dvojezičnem italijansko-slovenskem območju v Italiji. Jezik in slovstvo. 1/2021. 17–30.
Članek prinaša rezultate raziskave, izvedene s pomočjo vprašalnika, med dijaki slovenskih in italijanskih državnih srednjih šol na dvojezičnem območju v Gorici in Trstu. Med obema glavnima narodnostnima skupnostma, italijansko kot večinsko in slovensko kot manjšinsko, je v zadnjih letih mogoče zaznati spremenjene odnose, kar se med drugim kaže tudi v večjem zanimanju večine za jezik in kulturo manjšine. Iz ankete, ki se je osredotočila na tri sklope vprašanj (jezikovna identiteta dijakov, predstave o idealni jezikovni situaciji, stališče o dvo- in večjezičnosti), izhaja, da je v stališčih dijakov slovenskih in italijanskih šol več podobnosti kot razlik, saj se tako eni kot drugi zavedajo pomembnosti znanja jezikov in vrednosti dvojezičnosti, pri čemer so razmišljanja dijakov slovenskih šol konkretnejša, saj bistveno neposredneje občutijo potrebo po zastopanosti manjšinskega jezika v domačem prostoru. Nekatere stereotipne predstave o Drugem še naprej obstajajo, a slika, ki se izrisuje, kaže na odprtost in zanimanje za Drugega.
Ključne besede: italijansko zamejstvo, slovenske in italijanske državne srednje šole, dvojezičnost, odnos do jezika, slovenščina in italijanščina

Martina Ožbot: Attitudes to Language and Bilingualism among High School Pupils in Bilingual Italian-Slovenian Areas. Jezik in slovstvo. 1/2021. 17–30.
The paper reports the findings of a questionnaire-based study of high school pupils from Slovenian and Italian state secondary schools in the bilingual areas of Gorizia/Gorica and Trieste/Trst. Over the past years, there has been some rapprochement between the two principal ethnic communities, the Italian majority and the Slovenian minority, which can be perceived, among other things, in a heightened interest in Slovenian language and culture among the majority Italian community. The questionnaire, which focuses on three topics (pupils’ linguistic identity, their view of an ideal language situation, and their attitude towards bilingualism and multilingualism), reveals that the two groups of pupils have more common points than points of divergence. Both groups are well aware of the importance of a knowledge of languages and of the value of bilingualism. Understandably, the views of pupils from Slovenian schools are more influenced by the local situation, in which they feel more urgently the need for the minority language to be represented. Some stereotypical perceptions of the Other persist, but on the whole it appears that the local environment is characterised by a significant openness towards and interest in the Other.
Keywords: Slovenians in Friuli Venezia Giulia, Slovenian and Italian state secondary schools, bilingualism, language attitude, Slovenian and Italian

PDF: http://www.jezikinslovstvo.com/pdf.php?part=2021|1|19-32



Špela Sevšek Šramel: Potopisni žanri na prelomu 19. in 20. stoletja v slovenskem revijalnem tisku: Slovenski pogled na »srbski Pariz«. Jezik in slovstvo. 1/2021. 31–42.
Potopisni žanr se v začetku dvajsetega stoletja modificira v estetskem in ideološkem smislu. Poleg revijalnih objav izhajajo v vedno večjem številu tudi knjižne izdaje, moškim avtorjem se pridružujejo ženske avtorice potopisov. Obenem prepoznavamo tudi premik od izrazito faktografskega, opisnega potopisa v bolj literarizirano obliko, denimo v žanru potopisna črtica. Upodobitve potovanja na Balkan pri slovenskih avtorjih v tem obdobju povezuje ideja slovanstva, ki izpostavlja kulturno in predvsem jezikovno bližino. Odnos do etnične in konfesionalne drugačnosti je v potopisih vir stereotopinega vrednotenja, ki je presežen samo na nekaterih mestih. Mesto Beograd v slovenskem potopisju ne predstavlja končne točke poti, temveč vmesno postajo na potovanju po Balkanu. V prispevku so poleg Aškerčevega potopisa Izlet v Carigrad (1893) obravnavani še potopisi Ljudevita Stiasnyja, Ivana Knifica, Josipa Lavtižarja in Marice Gregorič.
Ključne besede: potopis, Beograd, slovansko vprašanje, slovenski potopisci, Anton Aškerc

Špela Sevšek Šramel: Travelogue Genres at the End of Nineteenth and the Beginning of Twentieth Century in Slovenian Periodicals: The Slovenian Perception of the "Serbian Paris". Jezik in slovstvo. 1/2021. 31–42.
The genre of the travelogue in Slovenian literature at the end of nineteenth and the beginning of the twentieth century becomes modified aesthetically and ideologically. Travelogues were popular reading, published mainly in periodicals, but also in book form as travel diaries. A shift from facts and description in travelogues towards belles-lêttres leads to a distinction between journal travel writing and fiction (the travelogue novel). Slovenian writers relate their journeys to the Balkans and to the Slavic idea, emphasising cultural and linguistic closeness. The differences in ethnic and religious denominations become a source of stereotypes that are seldom overcome. In Slovenian travelogues, Belgrade does not represent a final destination, but is merely a stop-off during travels to the Balkans or the Orient. The paper mainly discusses Anton Aškerc’s travelogue Izlet v Carigrad (A Trip to Istanbul, 1893) as well as the work of four other authors: L. Stiasny, Ivan Knific, Josip Lavtižar and Marica Gregorič.
Keywords: travelogue, Belgrade, Slavic identity, Slovenian travelogue authors, Anton Aškerc

PDF: http://www.jezikinslovstvo.com/pdf.php?part=2021|1|33-44



Janja Žmavc: Antična retorična perspektiva sporazumevalne zmožnosti kot potencial njenega sodobnega raziskovanja in poučevanja. Jezik in slovstvo. 1/2021. 43–56.
Prispevek podaja oris nekaterih konceptualizacij javnega govornega nastopanja, ki izhajajo iz klasične retorike in njene pedagogike ter predstavljajo podlago za celovitejše razumevanje vloge nastopa kot vitalnega govorčevega opravila v okviru procesa tvorjenja besedila. Hkrati opozori na problem odsotnosti retorične perspektive v sodobnih konceptualizacijah sporazumevalne zmožnosti v okviru pouka slovenščine in nakaže možna izhodišča za oblikovanje celovitejšega pristopa k uresničevanju dejavnosti govornega nastopanja.
Ključne besede: klasična retorika, javno govorno nastopanje, officia oratoris, pouk slovenščine, vzgoja govorca

Janja Žmavc: The Greco-Roman Rhetorical Perspective of Communicative Competence as a Potential for its Contemporary Research and Teaching. Jezik in slovstvo. 1/2021. 43–56.
The paper outlines some conceptualisations of public speaking that derive from classical rhetoric and its pedagogy and represent the basis for a more comprehensive understanding of the role of oral performance as a task of the vital speaker within the process of composing. At the same time, it draws attention to the problem of the absence of a rhetorical perspective in modern conceptualisations of communicative competence in the context of teaching Slovenian and suggests possible starting points for creating a more comprehensive approach to the implementation of speech activities.
Keywords: classical rhetoric, public speaking, officia oratoris, teaching Slovenian, education of the orator

PDF: http://www.jezikinslovstvo.com/pdf.php?part=2021|1|45-58



Nina Lovec : Jezikovna sredstva za poudarjanje stavčnih elementov v revijah in-flight. Jezik in slovstvo. 1/2021. 57–72.
Revije, ki jih letalske družbe ponujajo potnikom na letalu in letališčih (angl. in-flight magazines), dosežejo široko množico bralcev. V prispevku bosta obravnavani slovenska Adria In-Flight Magazine in italijanski Ulisse. Predmet prispevka je kontrastivna analiza besednega reda oziroma vpogled v različne vzorce rabe, s katerimi pišoči poudarijo nekatere stavčne elemente in tako posredno poskušajo usmeriti bralčevo pozornost. Analizirana bo organiziranost besedila z informacijskega in semantično-pragmatičnega vidika, in sicer funkcionalne stavčne perspektive in besednega reda glede izpostavljenosti oz. premika v ospredje, diskurznih označevalcev, vrivanja med sestavljene glagolske paradigme in gramatikalizirane konstrukcije (premik v levo ali v desno, razcepljeni in eskistenciani stavki). Kanonični besedni red in njegove variacije so značilnosti obeh jezikov, a v enem in drugem niso uporabljeni enako pogosto. Oba jezika pri razvrščanju sledita členitvi po aktualnosti, vendar to slovenščina dosega večinoma z besednim redom, italijanščina pa v določenih primerih z rabo gramatikaliziranih konstrukcij.
Ključne besede: besedni red, publikacije in-flight, členitev po aktualnosti, poudarjanje elementov

Nina Lovec : Language Tools for Emphasising Sentence Elements in In-Flight Magazines. Jezik in slovstvo. 1/2021. 57–72.
The magazines that airlines offer to passengers (in-flight magazines) reach a broad readership. The paper addresses the Slovenian Adria In-Flight Magazine and the Italian Ulisse. It presents a contrastive analysis of the word order and linguistic tools used, as well as demonstrating the usage of different patterns with which the writers emphasise certain sentences and indirectly try to influence the reader’s interests. The analysis primarily concerns the organisation of the text from the informational and semantic-pragmatic point of view, as well as from the point of view of functional sentence perspective and word order with regard to exposures or shifts to the forefront, discourse markers, and intrusion between the compound verb paradigms of the grammaticalized construction (left and right dislocation, cleft and existential sentence). The canonical word order and its variations are known to both languages, but they are not implemented equally frequently. Both languages follow the functional sentence perspective, but Slovenian achieves this mostly through word order, whereas Italian uses grammaticalized constructions in certain cases.
Keywords: word order, in-flight magazines, functional sentence perspective, emphasis of sentence elements

PDF: http://www.jezikinslovstvo.com/pdf.php?part=2021|1|59-74



Luka Horjak: Izgovor črke kot jezikoslovno vprašanje do konca 19. stoletja. Jezik in slovstvo. 1/2021. 73–88.
Po protestantski dobi je v slovenskem jeziku prišlo do razlik med izgovorom in pisavo, najpomembnejša razlika je nastala pri izgovoru črke , saj je izvorni /ł/ v govoru postal dvoustnični [u̯]. Slovničarji so na razliko med zapisom in izgovorom pri črki opozarjali vsak na svoj način s seznami izjem oz. pravili, v pisavi pa so ohranjali tradicionalni protestantki pravopis. V 19. stoletju se prvič pojavijo napotki tujcem, naj črko vedno izgovarjajo kot [l], kot argument so slovničarji navajali tudi zbližanje z drugimi slovanskimi jeziki. Od konca 19. stoletja pa je bilo v šole uvedeno t. i. branje po črki, kar naj bi bil statusni simbol meščanstva. Ta pojav imenujemo elkanje. Proti uvedeni izreki se je boril zlasti Stanislav Škrabec, njegova prizadevanja za naravno izreko so bila uresničena s Slovenskim pravopisom Frana Levca leta 1899. V 21. stoletju se branje po črki zopet uveljavlja.
Ključne besede: elkanje, slovenščina, 19. stoletje, Stanislav Škrabec

Luka Horjak: The Pronunciation of the Letter as a Linguistic Question until the End of the Nineteenth Century. Jezik in slovstvo. 1/2021. 73–88.
After the Protestant era, discrepancies arose between the written and spoken form of the Slovenian language. The most significant discrepancy concerned the pronunciation of the letter , because the phoneme /ł/ became bilabial [u̯]. Every grammarian has pointed out the discrepancies between the written and spoken form in their own way with lists of rules or exceptions. In the written form, they retain the traditional Protestant orthography. The nineteenth century saw the appearance of the first guidance for foreigners regarding the pronunciation of the letter , which recommended always pronouncing the it as [l]. The most common argument mentioned was the proximity with other Slavic languages. From the end of the nineteenth century, “reading by the letter” was prescribed for schools and was viewed as a status symbol of the bourgeoisie. This phenomenon is known as “elkanje”. However, Stanislav Škrabec opposed this prescription. His aspirations for the so-called natural pronunciation were first realised with the first Slovenian orthography Slovenski pravopis by Fran Levec in 1899. In the twenty-first century, the concept of “speech by the letter” is again gaining supporters.
Keywords: reading by the letter, Slovenian language, nineteenth century, Stanislav Škrabec

PDF: http://www.jezikinslovstvo.com/pdf.php?part=2021|1|75-90



Andreja Dvornik: Analiza slovenskih izdaj slikanic Svinjski pastir Hansa Christiana Andersena z različnimi ilustratorji. Jezik in slovstvo. 1/2021. 89–102.
Prispevek prinaša analizo izdaj slikanic pravljice Hansa Christiana Andersena Svinjski pastir v slovenskem jeziku. Ugotoviti želimo povezavo sporočanjskih kodov in spremembe, ki so opazne v izdajah. Slikanica je izšla v enajstih izdajah. Ilustracije Marije Lucije Stupice so slovenskemu bralcu najbližje, saj lažje prepozna avtohtone rastline in predmete iz slovenskega okolja (npr. raglja). Analizirali smo snov, temo, motive, književni čas in prostor, literarne like, kakor jih prinašata besedilo prevodov in analiza ilustracij. Članek predstavlja multimodalnost na izbranem primeru oz. v kolikšni meri se v obeh sporočanjskih kodih njuna vsebina prekriva in dopolnjuje. Interakcija med besedilom in ilustracijami kaže, da slednje največkrat le osvetlijo pomen besedila, dopolnijo ga pri prikazu čustev literarnih likov, književnega časa in prostora dogajanja.
Ključne besede: slikanica, prevod, Hans Christian Andersen, Svinjski pastir, kodi sporočanja

Andreja Dvornik: An Analysis of Picture Book Publications of The Swineherd by Hans Christian Andersen in the Slovenian Language. Jezik in slovstvo. 1/2021. 89–102.
The paper offers an analysis of picture book publications of the fairy tale The Swineherd by Hans Christian Andersen in the Slovenian language. An attempt is made to discover connections between communication codes and changes observed in all of the publications of this picture book, which was published in eleven versions. The illustrations by Marija Lucija Stupica are closest to the Slovenian reader, as they enable the latter to easily recognise plants that grow in Slovenia and objects from the local environment (such as a wooden ratchet). The paper analyses literary time and space, as well as the literary figures introduced by the text of the translations and the illustrations. The aim is to discern the extent to which the content overlaps and is supplemented in both communication codes. The interaction between the text and the illustrations shows that the latter normally highlight the purpose of the text and supplement it in the presentation of the emotions of the literary figures, as well as literary time and space.
Keywords: picture book, translation, Hans Christian Andersen, The Swineherd, communication codes

PDF: http://www.jezikinslovstvo.com/pdf.php?part=2021|1|91-104



Lea Vlahovič: Jezikovnostilistična primerjava dveh slovenskih prevodov Flaubertove Madame Bovary in vprašanje zastaranja prevodov. Jezik in slovstvo. 1/2021. 103–120.
Članek prinaša jezikovnostilistično primerjavo dveh slovenskih prevodov Flaubertovega romana Madame Bovary v okviru različnih jezikovnih ravni (pravopisne, morfološke, leksikalne, skladenjske, besedilne) in določi dejavnike, ki so vplivali na nastanek novega prevoda. Predstavimo tudi teorijo ponovnega prevajanja, vprašanje zastaranja prevoda in razloge za ponovni prevod. Raziskava temelji na ročno izdelanem vzporednem francosko-slovenskem korpusu in prihaja do sklepa, da je na nastanek prevoda Suzane Koncut vplivala cela vrsta dejavnikov, predvsem družbeni in časovni, in da je novejši prevod primernejši za sodobnega bralca, saj ustreza današnji jezikovni normi in je manj časovno zaznamovan.
Ključne besede: ponovni prevod, zastaranje prevoda, Madame Bovary, jezikovnostilistična analiza, prevodna norma, jezikovna norma

Lea Vlahovič: A Linguistic-Stylistic Analysis of Two Slovenian Translations of Flaubert’s Madame Bovary and the Concept of Ageing Translations. Jezik in slovstvo. 1/2021. 103–120.
The paper proposes a linguistic-stylistic analysis of two Slovenian translations of Gustave Flaubert’s novel Madame Bovary on different levels of language (orthography, morphology, lexis, syntax and discourse) and determines which factors are responsible for the retranslation. We describe the Retranslation Hypothesis, the concept of ageing translations, and motives for retranslation. The analysis is based on the author’s own French-Slovenian parallel corpus and concludes that the new translation by Suzana Koncut was motivated by a number of factors, especially time and social aspects, and that it seems more appropriate for today’s reader because it respects today’s linguistic norms and has fewer obsolete elements.
Keywords: retranslation, Retranslation Hypothesis, ageing translation, Madame Bovary, linguistic-stylistic analysis, translation norm, linguistic norm

PDF: http://www.jezikinslovstvo.com/pdf.php?part=2021|1|105-122



Monika Kavalir: Intervju. Jezik in slovstvo. 1/2021. 121–130.

Monika Kavalir: Interview. Jezik in slovstvo. 1/2021. 121–130.

PDF: http://www.jezikinslovstvo.com/pdf.php?part=2021|1|123-132



Ana Rakovec: Michal Habaj, Dana Hučková idr.: Modernizmus v pohybe. Jezik in slovstvo. 1/2021. 131–134.

Ana Rakovec: Michal Habaj, Dana Hučková idr.: Modernizmus v pohybe. Jezik in slovstvo. 1/2021. 131–134.

PDF: http://www.jezikinslovstvo.com/pdf.php?part=2021|1|133-136