Številka 1/2005 ~ Issue 1/2005

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Irena Novak Popov: »Pozabljena« slovenska pričevanja iz vélike vojne. Jezik in slovstvo. 1/2005. 9–24.
Sodbo Ivana Preglja o slovenski književnosti v času prve svetovne vojne, ki naj bi kljub veliki snovi dala malo spomina vrednih estetskih vrednot, je mogoče nadgraditi s spoznanjem, da se je v vojnih okoliščinah razmerje med zunajliterarno izkušnjo in literarizacijo tako bistveno premaknilo, da so dotlej znani načini literarnega ubesedovanja izkazali za nezadostne. Ko besedila F. Kozaka, Z. Kveder, F. S. Finžgarja in I. Cankarja soočimo s pričevanji v vojaških dnevnikih in spominih, se izkaže, da so novi postopki povezani z vdorom neposredne faktografije, realno razširitvijo izkušenj in pomnožitvijo skrajnih eksistencialnih položajev. Za ekspresionizem značilni patos je odraz težnje, jezikovno izraziti popolno negotovost, smrtno grozo, omajano religijo in dvom o smislu bojevanja, ob katerem se razkrajajo civilizacijske, kulturne in etične norme in rojeva potreba po prenovitvi.

Irena Novak Popov: »Forgotten« Slovene Testimonies from the Great War. Jezik in slovstvo. 1/2005. 9–24.
Ivan Pregelj's judgement of the Slovene literature during the First World War, claiming it provided few aesthetic values worth remembering in spite of a great theme, can be upgraded with recognition that during the wartime the relation between external literary experience and literary verbalisation altered so drastically that the literary styles known at the time proved to be insufficient. Juxtaposing the literary works of Fran Kozak, Zofka Kveder, Fran Saleški Finžgar and Ivan Cankar with testimonies in military diaries and memoirs shows that the new procedures are correlated to the intrusion of direct factography, a realistic expansion of experience and multiplication of extreme existential positions. Pathos, so typical of expressionism, is a reflection of a tendency to express linguistically complete uncertainty, the fear of dying, shaken religion and doubt in the sense of battle, which results in a decay of the civilisational, cultural and ethic norms and gives way to a need for renewal.



Blanka Bošnjak: Vloga stereotipov v sodobni slovenski kratki prozi. Jezik in slovstvo. 1/2005. 25–36.
Vlogo akterja kot kategorijo pripovedne subjektivnosti je teoretično utemeljil Algirdas Julien Greimas s t. i. aktantskim modelom, ki izpostavlja tudi zahtevno razmerje med subjektom in objektom. Ob tem naletimo na problematiko stereotipov (Toril Moi), ki se v sodobni literaturi še zmeraj pojavljajo, povezani pa so predvsem z razumevanjem spolnih vlog oziroma s položajem ženske in moškega v družbi kakor tudi z njunimi medsebojnimi razmerji. Prispevek se bo osredinil tudi na vlogo ženskega lika kot subjekta v sodobni slovenski kratki prozi, kar odraža raznolike možnosti upovedovanja (npr. pojav stereotipnega lika ženske zapeljivke in njegova ironizacija, lika vdane žene ali aktivne ženske).

Blanka Bošnjak: The Role of Stereotypes in Modern Slovene Short Fiction. Jezik in slovstvo. 1/2005. 25–36.
The theoretical framework for the role of an actor as a category in prosaic subjectivity was argued by Algirdas Julien Greimas with his actant model, foregrounding the required relation between subject and object. This may result in encountering the problem of stereotypes (Toril Moi) that still appear in modern literature, and are related mainly to the understanding of gender roles or the position of a woman and a man and their relationship within a society. The article focuses on the role of the female figure as a subject of modern Slovene short fiction, reflecting the various possibilities of verbalisation (e.g. the phenomenon of a stereotypical female figure as a seductress and its ironisation, the figure of a devoted wife or of an active woman).



Gabriela Zver: Tema ljubezni skozi prizmo simbolnega v pripovedni prozi Andreja Hienga. Jezik in slovstvo. 1/2005. 37–50.
V Hiengovi pripovedni prozi ne najdemo prave ljubezni – le željo po ljubezni in veliko sovraštva, ki ima korenine v občutkih krivde, v patoloških oblikah ljubezni, v preteklem ponižanju in sramoti. Temu primerno izbira Hieng simbole: pokaže nam svet narcisov, ki svoje življenje vidijo kot skrbno negovan park in ki poleg tega obožujejo svet kart, saj se radi igrajo z usodami drugih ljudi, a hkrati vanje ne želijo biti preveč čustveno vpleteni, saj živijo v svetu čipk, kjer lepo po meščansko vladajo red, mir, lagodno življenje, in v svetu čarodejev, kjer jim je prav tako omogočeno manipuliranje z drugimi ljudmi. Podobo Hiengovega meščanskega sveta močno sooblikujejo izbrane barve in ustrezna glasbila.

Gabriela Zver: The Theme of Love in the Prism of Symbolism as Evident in the Prose of Andrej Hieng. Jezik in slovstvo. 1/2005. 37–50.
True love cannot be found in the prose of Hieng – there is only a wish for love and a lot of hate, rooted in the feelings of guilt, in pathological forms of love, in past humiliation and shame. Therefore adequate symbols are chosen by Hieng: he portrays the world of narcissists who see their lives as a carefully tended park and, in addition, adore the world of cards, as they love to play with the destinies of other people, although at the same time, they do not wish to be emotionally over-involved in them, since they live in the world of lace, where order, peace and comfort rule their bourgeois world, and in the world of magicians, where manipulation of others is made possible to them. Carefully selected colours and adequate musical instruments are strong players contributing to the image of Hieng’s bourgeois world.



Darinka Verdonik: Nesporazumi v komunikaciji. Jezik in slovstvo. 1/2005. 51–63.
V članku predstavljam jezikovnopragmatični vidik nesporazumov v komunikaciji. V prvem delu poskušam zastaviti teoretični okvir, ki izhaja iz teorije govornih dejanj, in opredeliti vrste posredovanja pomenov med sporazumevanjem. V drugem delu se lotevam osrednjega problema: najprej poskušam pojasniti sporazumevanje, znotraj tega pa definirati nesporazum ter vrste nesporazuma. V tretjem delu se, bolj za ilustracijo, nahaja nekaj odsekov iz analiz, ki ponazarjajo nekatere ugotovitve o vzrokih za nesporazume.

Darinka Verdonik: Misunderstandings in Communication. Jezik in slovstvo. 1/2005. 51–63.
The article discusses the pragmalinguistic aspect of misunderstandings in communication. In the first part, the author establishes a theoretical framework based on the theory of the speech acts with the aim to define various types of meaning. What follows is the central problem of the present research: to clarify the concept of understanding in language use, and to define misunderstanding and different types of misunderstanding. In the final part of the article, some examples of analyses are provided to illustrate some conclusions concerning the reasons for misunderstanding.



Irena Krapš Vodopivec: Poskus kvantitativnega merjenja funkcionalne pismenosti. Jezik in slovstvo. 1/2005. 65–86.
V članku obravnavam poskus kvantitativnega merjenja funkcionalne pismenosti, ki je bilo opravljeno z anketo. Ob primerih predstavim prednosti in pomanjkljivosti kvantitativnega merjenja funkcionalne pismenosti oz. ugotavljam, koliko je to sploh mogoče uspešno opraviti ter nakažem možne izboljšave. Na tem mestu zaradi preobsežnosti podatkov predstavim le uvodni prikaz takega načina merjenja ter nakažem splošne ugotovitve v zvezi z merjenjem, ne navajam pa niti vseh natančnih podatkov, niti vseh ugotovitev, povezanih z analizo ankete. Moj namen je bil predvsem predstaviti problematiko oblikovanja formul, potrebnih za kvantitativno merjenje, ki so kljub prenekateri ohlapnosti (ali pa prav zaradi nje) še vedno prevečkrat pretoge za prožno jezikovno zmožnost. To je bilo storjeno ob analizi primerov besedil iz ankete, zlasti pa ob analizi same oblike ankete, pri čemer so bile izpostavljene še nekatere možnosti, ki so bile pri tem merjenju spregledane oz. jih nisem predvidela, a bi jih bilo potrebno pri nadaljnjem delu upoštevati.

Irena Krapš Vodopivec: An Attempt to Provide the Quantity Measurement of Functional Literacy. Jezik in slovstvo. 1/2005. 65–86.
The article discusses the attempt to provide the quantity measurement of functional literacy, carried out in the form of a questionnaire. Making use of examples, the author shows the advantages and disadvantages ascribed to the quantity measurement of functional literacy, trying to ascertain how successfully this could be implemented, and pointing out possible improvements. Because of extensive data, only the introductory illustration of such a measurement style is illustrated in the article, and some general findings concerning measurement are presented. However, neither detailed data nor findings concerning the analysis of the questionnaire are presented at this point. The author’s intention was to show the problem of designing formulae necessary for quantity measurement; in spite of their vagueness (or because of it) they are frequently still too rigid for a flexible linguistic capability. This was done on the analysis of examples from the questionnaire, especially concerning the questionnaire’s format and layout, with some other options also pointed out which were overlooked during measurement or were not foreseen by the author, although they also need to be taken into account in further study.



Nanika Holz: Mesto Velikega slovarja tujk v slovenski leksikografiji. Jezik in slovstvo. 1/2005. 87–99.
Članek obravnava Veliki slovar tujk, ki je leta 2002 izšel pri Cankarjevi založbi. Slovar tujk kot tip slovarja ni običajen v vseh leksikografskih tradicijah, za kar je več razlogov: besedotvorni, fonetični, puristični, brez dvoma pa je pomembno tudi število govorcev določenega jezika in njihovo pojmovanje »tujega« oz. »domačega«. Za ovrednotenje in umestitev slovarja znotraj slovenske leksikografije je bil vzorec gesel primerjalno pregledan z viri, ki so v slovarju navedeni kot primarni, in s korpusom FIDA. Analiza je pokazala, da je bilo zajetih veliko strokovnih izrazov, zaradi česar je to dejansko terminološki slovar velikega obsega. Nasploh je po pregledu gradiva mogoče reči, da takšen koncept slovarja tujk danes ni več aktualen; postavlja se tudi vprašanje, kakšen smisel imajo ponovne (prenovljene) izdaje starih leksikografskih priročnikov, saj so sodobni uporabniki vse zahtevnejši in pričakujejo kakovostne leksikografske izdelke.

Nanika Holz: The place of the Veliki slovar tujk (Great Dictionary of Foreign Words) in Slovene lexicography. Jezik in slovstvo. 1/2005. 87–99.
The article focuses on Veliki slovar tujk (Great Dictionary of Foreign Words), published by the Cankarjeva založba publishing house in 2002. The dictionary of foreign words is not typical as far as all lexicographic traditions are concerned, which is due to several reasons: word formation, phonetics, purism, and, undoubtedly, the important role played by the number of speakers of a certain language and their understanding of what is »foreign« and what »native«. For the purpose of evaluation and the placement of this dictionary within Slovene lexicography, a sample of entries was analysed and compared with the sources, listed in the dictionary as being primary, and also with FIDA, a reference corpus of the Slovene language. The analysis showed that the dictionary contains many terminological expressions, making this dictionary in fact a large terminological dictionary. In general, it is possible to observe after the analysis that such a concept of dictionary-making is no longer up-to-date; a question can also be posed about the purpose of new (revised) editions of old lexicographic reference works, since contemporary users are increasingly demanding and expect lexicographic products of high quality.



Darja Fišer: Jezikovne tehnologije od študija do zaposlitve. Jezik in slovstvo. 1/2005. 101–116.
Prispevek opozarja na nujnost vsebinske prenove univerzitetnih študijskih programov jezikoslovnih smeri z vidika njihove zaposlitvene relevantnosti v dobi informacijske družbe, na čemer temelji tudi bolonjski proces. Vključenost jezikovno-tehnoloških vsebin v obstoječe študijske programe primerjamo z zahtevami delodajalcev do jezikoslovcev, razpravo pa sklenemo s prikazom uporabnosti računalniških orodij v prevajalski stroki, ki zaradi ugodnih učinkov tako za delodajalce kot za zaposlene nakazujejo smer razvoja delovnih okolij, v katera se vključujejo tudi drugi jezikoslovci, in tako razkrivajo potrebe delovnega trga po kompetencah s področja jezikovnih tehnologij.

Darja Fišer: Language Technologies from Education to Employment. Jezik in slovstvo. 1/2005. 101–116.
The article discusses the need for university syllabi at linguistic departments to be revised in terms of their employment prospects and relevance for the information society era, which is also the core of the Bologna process. The degree of linguistic and technological topics part of current syllabi is compared with the demands of both employers and linguists. Due to their positive effects on both employers and employees, the article concludes with an illustration of how useful computer tools are for translation studies, therefore pointing out the direction of development of working environments, in which other linguists are also included, and therefore unveiling the needs of the work market to be competent in the area of language technologies.