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Številka 4/2014 ~ Issue 4/2014
Jerca Vogel: Jezikovna kulturna zavest pri pouku maternega/prvega jezika. Jezik in slovstvo. 4/2014. 3–14.
V prispevku razpravljamo o jezikovni kulturni zavesti kot tistem delu širše jezikovne zavesti, ki se nanaša na identifikacijsko vlogo jezika in kulturno zaznamovanost vsakega jezikovnega delovanja. Ta zavest se večinoma povezuje zgolj z abstraktno nacionalno identiteto ter se tudi pri sodobnem pouku jezika razvija v okviru t. i. (med)kulturne zavesti in ne kot nujna sestavina sporazumevalne zmožnosti. Da bi osvetlili razmerje med širšo jezikovno zavestjo in jezikovno kulturno zavestjo, v prispevku zato najprej predstavimo tradicionalno razumevanje identitete in z njo povezane vloge jezika ter omejitve takega razumevanja, nato pa razmišljamo o povezavah med jezikom in kulturo, o različnih ravneh jezikovne kulturne zavesti ter o možnih modelih vključevanja jezikovne kulturne zavesti v pouk prvega jezika.
Ključne besede: jezikovna kulturna zavest, identifikacijska vloga jezika, ravni jezikovne kulturne zavesti, pouk prvega jezika
In the article, we discuss linguistic cultural awareness as part of broader language awareness related to the identification role of language and the cultural markedness of any linguistic action. This awareness is predominantly associated only with abstract national identity, and is developed within contemporary teaching in the framework of so-called (inter)cultural awareness rather than as an essential component of communicative competence. In order to highlight the relationship between broader language awareness and linguistic cultural awareness, we first present the traditional understanding of identity and the related language roles, as well as the limitations of such an interpretation, after which we reflect on connections between language and culture, on the various levels of linguistic cultural awareness, and on possible models of integrating linguistic cultural awareness into first language teaching.
Keywords: linguistic cultural awareness, the identification role of language, levels of linguistic cultural awareness, first language teaching
PDF: http://www.jezikinslovstvo.com/pdf.php?part=2014|4|3-14
Zoran Božič: Sto dvajset let slovenske didaktike književnosti (1867–1987). Jezik in slovstvo. 4/2014. 15–25.
Pregledni znanstveni članek obravnava razvoj slovenske didaktike književnosti od Janežičevih Cvetnikov do zaključka njene predakademske faze v času usmerjenega izobraževanja. Pri tem opazuje spremembe v didaktični zasnovi beril in v opredelitvah ciljev, vsebin in metod, kakor so jih izražali posamezni strokovni članki ali redke monografije. Pomembnejši mejniki so začetek dvajsetega stoletja v okviru avstro-ogrske monarhije, trideseta leta v času Kraljevine Jugoslavije in sedemdeseta leta v obdobju SFRJ.
Ključne besede: didaktika književnosti, berila za pouk književnosti, šolska interpretacija
Zoran Božič: One Hundred and Twenty Years of Slovenian Didactics of Literature (1867–1987). Jezik in slovstvo. 4/2014. 15–25.
The review article treats the development of Slovenian didactics of literature from Janežič’s Cvetniki to the conclusion of its pre-academic phase in the time of career-oriented education. In the process, changes are observed in the didactic design of reading books and in determining goals, content and methods as conveyed by individual professional articles or the few monographs. Among the important milestones are the beginning of the 20th century within the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the 1930s period of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, and the 1970s period of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.
Keywords: didactics of literature, literature reading materials, school interpretation
PDF: http://www.jezikinslovstvo.com/pdf.php?part=2014|4|15-25
Olga Tratar: Pomenske spremembe pridevnika priden od 16. stoletja do danes. Jezik in slovstvo. 4/2014. 27–46.
Članek prikazuje pomenske spremembe pridevnika priden od 16. stoletja do danes. V tem času se je pomenje te pridevniške izsamostalniške izpeljanke zožilo. Nekdaj je bil prevladujoči pomen leksema priden ʻkoristenʼ, danes sta osrednja pomena ʻdelaven, prizadevenʼ in ʻtak, ki izpolnjuje dolžnosti, pričakovanjaʼ. S spremembo pomenja so se spremenile tudi družljivostne lastnosti pridevnika, ki je v 16. stoletju pretežno razvijal jedrni samostalnik s kategorialno pomensko sestavino neživo, danes pa razvija izključno samostalnike s sestavino živo.
Ključne besede: zgodovina slovenskega knjižnega jezika, zgodovinsko pomenoslovje, lastnostni pridevniki, pomenske spremembe leksemov, 16. stoletje
Olga Tratar: Semantic Changes in the Adjective priden from the 16th Century to the Present Day. Jezik in slovstvo. 4/2014. 27–46.
The article presents the semantic changes in the adjective priden from the 16th century to the present day. In this period, the meaning spectrum of this denominal adjective has been reduced. While the prevailing original meaning of the lexeme priden was “useful”, today the central meanings are “hard-working, diligent” and “fulfilling one’s obligations or other people’s expectations”. The changes in meaning have been accompanied by changes in the collocational profile of the adjective, which, in the 16th century, predominantly collocated with a core noun containing the categorial component “-live”, whereas today it collocates exclusively with nouns marked “+live”.
Keywords: history of Slovenian standard language, historical semantics, descriptive adjectives, semantic changes of lexemes, 16th century
PDF: http://www.jezikinslovstvo.com/pdf.php?part=2014|4|27-46
Alojzija Zupan Sosič: Literarno branje. Jezik in slovstvo. 4/2014. 47–65.
Literarno branje je za literarno vedo najpomembnejša vrsta branja, ki lahko oplemeniti tudi druge vrste branja, predvsem tiste, ki bi se v prihodnosti poplitvile zaradi nekaterih značilnosti »elektronskega branja«. K določitvi literarnega branja najbolj prispeva delitev na prvostopenjsko in drugostopenjsko branje, upoštevajoč splošne značilnosti literarne interpretacije, bralne pogoje, bralčevo poznavanje literarne pogodbe, njegovo kompetenco, empatijo in intenco ter vrednotenje – delitev branja na stopnje je pravzaprav delitev glede na to, kako bralec zna ali želi oblikovati pomen prebranega. Če je prvostopenjsko branje polnjenje referenčnih okvirov, je drugostopenjsko polnjenje praznih mest ali realizacija/konkretizacija umetniškega dela. Ker je literarno branje usmerjenost na vsebino in obliko, nastajajo ob branju vtisi, poglobljeni s poznavanjem literarne teorije, literarne zgodovine in literarne interpretacije ter vseh pomožnih literarnih ved, in projekcija neliterarnega védenja na samo literarno besedilo. Zgoščeno povedano je literarno branje kompleksen proces opomenjanja literarnega besedila, ki ga skozi različne načine in vrste branja opravlja literarno zmožen bralec.
Ključne besede: literarno branje, prvostopenjsko in drugostopenjsko branje, poglobljeno branje
Alojzija Zupan Sosič: Literary Reading. Jezik in slovstvo. 4/2014. 47–65.
Literary reading is the most important kind of reading for literary science. It can enrich other kinds of reading, especially those that might, in the future, become shallow due to certain features of “electronic reading”. Crucial in determining literary reading is its division into first-level and second-level reading, taking into account the general characteristics of literary interpretation, the reading conditions, the familiarity of the reader with the literary contract, his or her reading competence, empathy, intent and evaluation; in fact, division into reading levels is a division according to how the reader can or wishes to shape the meaning of what he or she has read. Whereas first-level reading involves filling out the referential framework, second level is concerned with filling out “the empty spaces” or the realisation of the work of art. As literary reading is form- and content-oriented, impressions are created and reinforced in the process of reading by the reader’s knowledge of literary theory, literary history and literary interpretation, as well as by all of the supporting literary sciences and the projection of non-literary knowledge onto the literary text. In short, literary reading is a complex process of giving meaning to the literary text, a process that, through various kinds and forms of reading, is performed by a literary competent reader.
Keywords: literary reading, first- and second-level reading, in-depth reading
PDF: http://www.jezikinslovstvo.com/pdf.php?part=2014|4|47-65
Martina Potisk: Lepovidovstvo v romanih Gabriele Babnik Koža iz bombaža in Sušna doba. Jezik in slovstvo. 4/2014. 67–77.
V članku preučujem prisotnost lepovidovske motivike in njenih vsebinskih oziroma pomenskih transformacij v romanih Gabriele Babnik Koža iz bombaža (2007) in Sušna doba (2012). Pregledu spoznanj Ivana Grafenauerja, Jožeta Pogačnika in Irene Avsenik Nabergoj o variantnosti ljudske pesmi o Lepi Vidi in njenih idejno-simbolnih razsežnostih v umetnih predelavah sledi interpretativna analiza omenjenih romanov. Ta izkazuje, da se v njiju pojavljajo opazne motivno-tematske variacije tretjega variantnega tipa narodnih balad o Lepi Vidi, ki so obenem vpete v sodobnejši kontekst. Želja ženskih likov po srečnejšem življenju Drugje s temnopoltimi posamezniki iz afriških dežel se namreč prevesi v postopno spoznavanje Drugega, s čimer se romana obenem poslužujeta prikazovanja medkulturnih nasprotij.
Ključne besede: sodobna slovenska književnost, interpretativna analiza, roman, Gabriela Babnik, lepovidovstvo, medkulturnost
Martina Potisk: Traces of “Lovely Vida” in the Novels Cotton Skin and The Dry Season by Gabriela Babnik. Jezik in slovstvo. 4/2014. 67–77.
The article examines the presence of motifs from “Lovely Vida” and the transformations of its subject matter and meaning in the novels Cotton Skin (2007) and The Dry Season (2012) by Gabriela Babnik. An overview of the findings of Ivan Grafenauer, Jože Pogačnik and Irena Avsenik Nabergoj regarding variants of the “Lovely Vida” folk ballad and the artificial reworkings of its ideational-symbolic dimensions is followed by an interpretative analysis of the aforementioned novels. The analysis demonstrates the occurrence of noticeable motif and theme variations of the third variant type of national folk ballads about Lovely Vida, which are also embedded in the contemporary context: the desire of the female characters for a better life. The Other Place with dark-skinned individuals from African countries turns into a gradual familiarisation with the Other, with which the novels serve as an illustration of intercultural oppositions.
Keywords: contemporary Slovenian literature, interpretative analysis, novel, Gabriela Babnik, literary tradition of “Lovely Vida”, interculturality
PDF: http://www.jezikinslovstvo.com/pdf.php?part=2014|4|67-77
Janja Vollmaier Lubej: Patološki odnos med materjo in hčerjo/sinom v prozi Gabriele Babnik in Gorana Vojnovića. Jezik in slovstvo. 4/2014. 79–95.
V pričujočem prispevku je predstavljeno patološko sobivanje hčere z materjo (Babnik) oziroma odsotnost matere (Vojnović). Članek prikazuje, kakšne posledice so verbalno nasilje, odtujenost, nepristnost odnosa, neljubeč odnos povzročili posameznim literarnim osebam. Analiza se osredinja na otroško žrtev patološkega družinskega odnosa ter se usmerja na vprašanje vpliva travmatične izkušnje v otroštvu literarne osebe na njeno bivanje v odrasli dobi. Glavne literarne osebe v romanih Gabriele Babnik in Gorana Vojnovića pripovedujejo o težavnem odnosu z materjo, zato analiza ta izhodišča medsebojno primerja, upoštevajoč žensko-mater, ki 1) tradicionalno sledi patriarhalnim vzorcem ter 2) skuša iz teh vzorcev dominacije izstopiti.
Ključne besede: sodobni slovenski roman, patološki odnosi, odnos mati – hči, odnos mati – sin, Gabriela Babnik, Goran Vojnović
Janja Vollmaier Lubej: The Pathological Mother and Daughter/Son Relationship in the Prose of Gabriela Babnik and Goran Vojnović. Jezik in slovstvo. 4/2014. 79–95.
The present contribution presents the pathological coexistence of mother and daughter (Babnik) and the absence of the mother (Vojnović), demonstrating the consequences brought upon individual literary characters by verbal violence, alienation, a non-genuine relationship, and a relationship lacking in love. The analysis is focused on the child victim of a pathological family relationship, and attempts to address the question of how the traumatic childhood experience of the literary character influences that character’s adulthood. Given that the key literary characters in the novels of Gabriela Babnik and Goran Vojnović narrate a difficult relationship with the mother, a comparative analysis of the starting points is carried out, taking into account a woman-mother who 1) traditionally follows patriarchal patterns, and 2) attempts to free herself from these patterns of domination.
Keywords: contemporary Slovenian novel, pathological relationships, mother-daughter relationship, mother-son relationship, Gabriela Babnik, Goran Vojnović
PDF: http://www.jezikinslovstvo.com/pdf.php?part=2014|4|79-95
Jernej Kusterle: Zgodovinski in tipološki pregled ulične poezije. Jezik in slovstvo. 4/2014. 97–110.
Pradomovina rap glasbe je v Afriki, kjer so ritmi, podobni ritmom rapa, obstajali znotraj ljudske glasbe posameznih plemen. Šele v drugi polovici 20. stoletja se je na ameriških ulicah oblikovala ta zanimiva oblika besedno-glasovno-glasbene umetnosti, ki se jo je skozi čas oprijel termin street poetry oziroma ulična poezija. Tako kot vse drugo je tudi ulična poezija prišla k nam z nekajletno zamudo. Prelomna so bila devetdeseta leta prejšnjega stoletja, ko je prišlo do pomembnih dogodkov tako v ameriški kot tudi v slovenski ulični poeziji. Milenij je prinesel nove izrazne možnosti, hkrati pa se je v času po prelomu tisočletja povečala produkcija rap glasbe. Po dvajsetih letih, kolikor jih je minilo od izida kultnega albuma Ali-Ena Leva scena, smo se znašli na točki, ko je potrebno ulično poezijo sistematično opredeliti in jo vključiti v sistem literarne vede. Pričujoči članek predstavlja uvod v klasifikacijo ulične poezije.
Ključne besede: ulična poezija, rap, hip-hop, literarna veda, zgodovina, tipologija
Jernej Kusterle: A Historical and Typological Overview of Street Poetry. Jezik in slovstvo. 4/2014. 97–110.
The original homeland of rap music is Africa, where rhythms similar to the rhythms of rap existed in the folk music of individual tribes. As late as in the 20th century, this interesting form of word-voice-music art came into being in the streets of America, and through time came to be known as “street poetry”. As with everything else, street poetry reached Slovenia with a delay of several years. The 1990s were a crucial period, with important developments taking place in both American and Slovenian street poetry, while the turn of the millennium saw a rapid growth in the production of rap music, bringing new possibilities of expression. In the twenty year since the release of Ali-En’s cult album Leva scena, we have been at a point where street poetry needs to be systematically defined and included in the system of literary science. The present article represents an introductory classification of street poetry.
Keywords: street poetry, rap, hip hop, literary science, history, typology
PDF: http://www.jezikinslovstvo.com/pdf.php?part=2014|4|97-110
Andraž Jež: Zveze Stanka Vraza s češko kulturo. Jezik in slovstvo. 4/2014. 111–119.
Članek se osredotoča na Stanka Vraza in njegove bogate povezave s češko literaturo, kulturo in jezikom. Bil je prvi slovenski avtor, ki je pisal v sodobni slovenski pisavi, ki je bila nekoliko prirejena hrvaška, ta pa je izvirala neposredno iz češke pisave, ki jo, vsaj glede diakritičnih znamenj, pripisujejo Janu Husu. Na Vrazovo politiko opuščanja slovenskega »narečja« so močno vplivale Kollárjeve in Šafárikove misli o Slovanih ter njuno pisanje v češčini namesto v maternem slovaškem jeziku. Celo Vrazova poetika se intenzivno opira na češke avtorje, zlasti Kollárja. Njegovo idealiziranje Prage je doseglo višek leta 1848, ko je kot podpredsednik obiskal veliki slovanski kongres.
Ključne besede: Stanko Vraz, Jan Kollár, Pavel Jozef Šafárik, ilirizem, slovanski kongres v Pragi, gajica, pomlad narodov
Andraž Jež: Stanko Vraz’s Links with Czech Culture. Jezik in slovstvo. 4/2014. 111–119.
The article deals with Stanko Vraz and his rich connections with Czech literature, culture and language. He was the first Slovene writer to use today’s Slovene scripture, which is itself an adaptation of Croatian scripture. The latter was taken directly from Czech scripture, an important part of which (especially diacritic signs) is attributed to Jan Hus. Vraz’s policy of abandoning Slovene “dialect” relies heavily on Kollár’s and Šafárik’s ideas regarding Slavs and their practice of writing in Czech instead of in their own Slovakian language. Even the poetics of Stanko Vraz are deeply influenced by Czech authors, especially Kollár. Vraz’s idealisation of Prague culminated in his attendance of the major Slavic Congress as its vice-president in 1848.
Keywords: Stanko Vraz, Jan Kollár, Pavel Jozef Šafárik, Illyrian movement, Prague Slavic Congress, Gaj’s Latin alphabet, Springtime of the Peoples
PDF: http://www.jezikinslovstvo.com/pdf.php?part=2014|4|111-119
Ocene in poročila/Reviews and Reports
Martin Ahlin, Branka Lazar, Zvonka Praznik in Jerica Snoj
Slovar slovenskega knjižnega jezika. Druga, dopolnjena in deloma prenovljena izdaja. Izdali Slovenska akademija znanosti in umetnosti,
Znanstvenoraziskovalni center Slovenske akademije znanosti in umetnosti, Inštitut za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša. Ljubljana: Cankarjeva založba, 2014. 1. knjiga 1152 str., 2. knjiga 1150 str.
Dictionary of Standard Slovenian Language. Second, supplemented and partly revised edition. Published by the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Fran Ramovš Institute of the Slovenian Language. Ljubljana: Cankarjeva založba, 2014. Volume I 1152 pp., Volume II 1150 pp. , Jezik in slovstvo 59/4, 2014, 121–127.
PDF: http://www.jezikinslovstvo.com/pdf.php?part=2014|4|121-127
Alenka Žbogar, Andreja Žele, Avgust Pavel, Marko Jesenšek: V branje vam priporočamo. Jezik in slovstvo. 4/2014. 129–130.
Alenka Žbogar, Andreja Žele, Avgust Pavel, Marko Jesenšek: Recommended Readings. Jezik in slovstvo. 4/2014. 129–130.
PDF: http://www.jezikinslovstvo.com/pdf.php?part=2014|4|129-130