Številka 3-4/2020 ~ Issue 3-4/2020

Marjeta Pisk : Ljudska pesem med zavezanostjo tradiciji in nenehnim spreminjanjem. Jezik in slovstvo. 3-4/2020. 9–21.
V članku je obravnavano dinamično razmerje med ohranjanjem tradicionalnih zvrsti in motivov ljudskih pesmi in uvajanjem novih pesmi v obdobju med reformacijo in 19. stoletjem. Na to razmerje so vplivali spreminjajoči se dejavniki konteksta, v katerih so določene tradicije živele in so bile povezane tako z institucionalnimi okviri cerkva kot s splošnimi spremembami v življenju pevcev. Iz tega obdobja so ohranjeni predvsem zapisi nabožnih ljudskih pesmi v rokopisnih in tiskanih pesmaricah, zapisi posvetnih ljudskih pesmi pa so maloštevilni. Poleg omembe zapisov o ljudskopesemski dejavnosti v delih tedanjih piscev je orisano delovanje moritatlerjev, prosjakov in godcev, ki so s prenašanjem novic v obliki pesmi izboljševali svoj materialni položaj. V drugi polovici 18. stoletja se je izoblikovalo tudi prednostno zanimanje slovenske folkloristike za pripovedne pesmi.
Ključne besede: ljudska pesem, tradicija, nove pesemske oblike, reformacija, 19. stoletje

Marjeta Pisk : Folk Song between Commitment to Tradition and Continuous Change. Jezik in slovstvo. 3-4/2020. 9–21.
In the article, we consider the dynamic relationship between the preservation of traditional genres and motifs in folk songs and the introduction of new songs during the period from the Reformation to the nineteenth century. This relationship was influenced by the evolving social context, which included both traditions that were linked to the institutional framework of churches and changes in the lives of singers. What has been preserved from this period is above all the records of religious folk songs in manuscripts and printed songbooks, while records of secular folk songs are relatively rare. In addition to descriptions of folk singing activities recorded in the works of writers of the day, we also focus on singers of murder (moritaten) ballads, beggars and folk musicians who conveyed the news of the day in the form of song in order to improve their material situation. In the second half of the eighteenth century, a predominant interest in narrative songs emerged among collectors of Slovenian folklore.
Keywords: folk song, tradition, new song forms, reformation, nineteenth century

PDF: http://www.jezikinslovstvo.com/pdf.php?part=2020|3-4|11-23



Monika Kropej Telban: Slovenske pravljice in povedke od reformacije do romantike. Jezik in slovstvo. 3-4/2020. 23–36.
V članku je na kratko predstavljeno slovensko pripovedno izročilo od reformacije do romantike, ki je nastajalo pod vplivom razvoja slovstva v evropskem prostoru in tudi pripovednih opusov preteklih civilizacij drugod po svetu. Predstavljen je kratek pregled virov, zbirk, apokrifnih legend, zgledov in prilik ter pravljičnih knjig, ki so vplivali na razvoj našega ljudskega slovstva od 16. do začetka 19. stol.; prav tako pa tudi vpliv slovenskih reformatorjev, baročnih piscev, razsvetljencev in romantikov na pripovedno izročilo. Rekonstrukcija pripovednega repertoarja teh obdobij je bila narejena tudi na osnovi pravljic in povedk, ki so se ohranile oziroma so omenjene v poznejših virih.
Ključne besede: pravljice, povedke, basni, prilike, reformacija, razsvetljenstvo, romantika, Slovenija

Monika Kropej Telban: Slovenian Folktales from the Reformation to Early Romanticism. Jezik in slovstvo. 3-4/2020. 23–36.
The article presents the Slovenian narrative tradition from the age of the Reformation to the beginning of Romanticism. This tradition was influenced by the development of the European folk narrative tradition, while also preserving traces of the literature of older civilisations in other parts of the world. A short survey is presented of the sources, collections, apocryphal legends, exempla and fairytale books that influenced the development of the Slovenian narrative tradition from the sixteenth century to the beginning of the nineteenth century. Elements from Slovenian writers from the age of the Reformation, the Enlightenment and Romanticism that influence the folk narrative of the respective time are also analysed. The reconstruction was made partly on the basis of folktales that are preserved or mentioned in later sources.
Keywords: fairy tales, folktales, fables, exempla, Reformation, Enlightenment, Romanticism, Slovenia

PDF: http://www.jezikinslovstvo.com/pdf.php?part=2020|3-4|25-38



Nina Ditmajer: Slovenska nabožna pesem od Trubarja do Pohlina (1550–1799). Jezik in slovstvo. 3-4/2020. 37–54.
Prispevek predstavlja izbrana pesniška besedila nabožne vsebine, ki so se nam v literarni tradiciji ohranila tako v tiskani kot tudi rokopisni obliki. Ta so se tiskala in zapisovala v slovenskih lekcionarjih, katekizmih, molitvenikih, abecednikih, slovarjih, letakih in samostojnih pesmaricah. Osredotočamo se na najbolj pogosto zastopane pesniške žanre, kot so Marijine, svetniške, praznične, eshatološke, pasijonske pesmi in pesmi o svetem Rešnjem telesu. Predstavljena je vsebina znanih latinskih himen, sekvenc in antifon, kot so Pange lingua, Ave maris stella, Stabat mater dolorosa, Dies irae, in še nekaterih drugih pesmi, najdenih v slovenskih baročnih pesmaricah.
Ključne besede: nabožno pesništvo, rokopisne pesmarice, pesniški žanri, literarna zgodovina

Nina Ditmajer: Slovenian Religious Poetry from Trubar to Pohlin (1550–1799). Jezik in slovstvo. 3-4/2020. 37–54.
The article presents selected poetic texts with religious content that have been preserved in the literary tradition in both printed and manuscript form. These were printed and written in Slovenian lectionaries, catechisms, prayer books, alphabets, dictionaries, leaflets and independent hymnals. The focus is on the most commonly represented poetic genres, such as Mary’s, saintly, festive, eschatological and passion songs, as well as songs about the Holy Body of the Saviour. The content of well-known Latin hymns, sequences and antiphons is presented, such as Pange lingua, Ave maris stella, Stabat mater dolorosa and Dies irae, as well as some other poems found in Slovenian baroque hymnals.
Keywords: religious poetry, handwritten hymnals, poetic genres, literary history

PDF: http://www.jezikinslovstvo.com/pdf.php?part=2020|3-4|39-56



Aleksander Bjelčevič: Slovenski verz od srednjega veka do Prešerna. Jezik in slovstvo. 3-4/2020. 55–84.
Prispevek prikazuje metrični in kitični repertoar, ritmiko in rimo verskih pesmi od srednjega veka do konca 18. stoletja, latinske in nemške izvore tega repertoarja, mednarodnost cerkvenih pesmi, postopno preobrazbo iz silabičnega verznega sistema v silabotoničnega ter njihov vpliv na kitični repertoar posvetnih pesmi od Pisanic do Prešerna. Cerkvene pesmi so tekom stoletij ustvarile na desetine vrst kitic, nekatere zelo zapletene, v ljudske in posvetne pesmi pa so prišle le najpogostejše in najenostavnejše kot ambrozijanska, romarska, stabat mater in hildebrandska kitica.
Ključne besede: cerkvena pesem, verzifikacijski sistem, silabizem, silabotonizem, ritem, rima, kitica

Aleksander Bjelčevič: Slovenian Verse from the Middle Ages to Prešeren . Jezik in slovstvo. 3-4/2020. 55–84.
The article presents the metrical and strophic repertoire, the rhythm and rhyme of religious songs from the Middle Ages to the end of the eighteenth century, addressing the Latin and German origins of this repertoire, the internationality of church songs, the gradual transformation from syllabic verse to accentual-syllabic, and the influence on the strophic repertoire of secular songs from Janez Dev to France Prešeren (from the second half of the eighteenth century to first half of the nineteenth century). Over the centuries, church songs have created dozens of stanzaic types, some very complex, and only the most common and simplest types have come into folk and secular song, such as long metre, Romanzenstrophe, stabat mater stanza and Hildebrand’s stanza.
Keywords: church song, syllabic verse, accentual-syllabic verse, rhythm, rhyme, stanza

PDF: http://www.jezikinslovstvo.com/pdf.php?part=2020|3-4|57-86



Marijan Dović: Krajnskeh modric prebujenje: začetki slovenske posvetne poezije. Jezik in slovstvo. 3-4/2020. 85–114.
Razprava obravnava začetke slovenske posvetne poezije od prvih rokopisnih fragmentov in Zizenčelijevega tiskanega Častitnega vošejna (1689) do Vodnikove in Zoisove smrti (1819). Prelomni dogodek, ki zaznamuje začetek kontinuiranega razvoja posvetne poezije v slovenščini, je izhajanje almanaha Pisanice (1779–1781) v krožku ljubljanskega preroditelja Marka Pohlina (1735–1801). Osrednji pesniki obravnavanega obdobja so Anton Feliks Dev (1732–1786), Jurij Japelj (1744–1807), Žiga Zois (1747–1819), Anton Tomaž Linhart (1756–1795), Valentin Vodnik (1758–1819), avtor prve samostojne tiskane zbirke Pavel Knobl (1765–1830), bukovnika Miha Andreaš (1762–1821) in Andrej Šuster – Drabosnjak (1768–1825), Štefan Modrinjak (1774–1827), Urban Jarnik (1784–1844) in Janez Nepomuk Primic (1785–1823). Medtem ko so nekateri med njimi pesnili pretežno za preprosto ljudstvo (Knobl, Andreaš, Drabosnjak), za lastno razvedrilo (Zois, Japelj), ali pa jim poezije ni uspelo objaviti (Modrinjak, Primic), je zlasti Deva, Vodnika in Jarnika mogoče šteti med pesnike v sodobnem pomenu besede. Kratek kronološki pregled poskuša povezati novejša spoznanja o tem obdobju in ob analizi izbranih pesemskih odlokov pokazati, kako so se postopoma oblikovale in utrjevale konvencije, značilne za moderni literarni sistem.
Ključne besede: slovenska posvetna poezija, Pisanice (1779–1781), Anton Feliks Dev, Žiga Zois, Valentin Vodnik, Štefan Modrinjak, Urban Jarnik

Marijan Dović: The Awakening of the Carniolan Muses: The Beginnings of Slovenian Secular Poetry. Jezik in slovstvo. 3-4/2020. 85–114.
The article deals with the beginnings of Slovenian secular poetry from the early manuscript fragments to the death of Valentin Vodnik and Žiga Zois (1819). The turning point that marked the beginning of the continuous development of secular poetry in Slovenian was the publication of the Pisanice almanac (1779–1781) in the circle of Marko Pohlin (1735–1801) in Ljubljana. The major poets of this period are Anton Feliks Dev (1732–1786), Jurij Japelj (1744–1807), Žiga Zois (1747–1819), Anton Tomaž Linhart (1756–1795), Valentin Vodnik (1758–1819), Pavel Knobl (1765–1830), the “folk” poets Miha Andreaš (1762–1821) and Andrej Šuster-Drabosnjak (1768–1825), Štefan Modrinjak (1774–1827), Urban Jarnik (1784–1844) and Janez Nepomuk Primic (1785–1823). While some of them mainly wrote poetry for the common people (Knobl, Andreaš, Drabosnjak), for their own pleasure (Zois, Japelj) or failed to publish poems (Modrinjak, Primic), three of them in particular – Dev, Vodnik and Jarnik – can be considered poets in the modern sense of the word. A brief chronological overview attempts to incorporate recent findings about this period and, by analysing selected poetic passages, to demonstrate how the conventions characteristic of the modern literary system gradually developed and consolidated.
Keywords: Slovenian secular poetry, Pisanice (1779–1781), Anton Feliks Dev, Žiga Zois, Valentin Vodnik, Štefan Modrinjak, Urban Jarnik

PDF: http://www.jezikinslovstvo.com/pdf.php?part=2020|3-4|87-116



Matija Ogrin: Asketična ali meditativna proza slovenskega baroka. Jezik in slovstvo. 3-4/2020. 115–135.
Meditativna proza je zvrst premišljevalnega, literarno oblikovanega besedila, ki se je v slovenskem baročnem slovstvu razvila v 17. stoletju in ohranila vitalnost skozi vso baročno dobo še globoko v 19. stoletje. Večina besedil te zvrsti ni mogla prodreti do natisa v knjižni obliki, zato so lahko krožila med bralci le v rokopisih. Že sredi 17. stoletja sta nastali dve temeljni podzvrsti meditativne proze. Prvo predstavlja Skalarjev rokopis z izrazitimi literarnimi sredstvi in fantazijskimi čutnimi predstavami, ki motivirajo bralčev doživljajski svet; drugo predstavlja najstarejši ohranjeni prevod Hoje za Kristusom Andreja Jankoviča s konciznimi, strnjenimi duhovnimi izreki, ki nagovarjajo bralčeve umske zmožnosti, njegovo voljo in duhovni uvid. Večina rokopisov, ki so se nam ohranili, pripada prvi zvrsti. Najpomembnejši med njimi je Poljanski rokopis, meditativna literarna pripoved o Jezusovem življenju in trpljenju, ki je bil napisan okrog leta 1800 in izkazuje priljubljenost ter trdoživost literarne zvrsti vita Christi v slovenskem jeziku.
Ključne besede: slovensko slovstvo, barok, rokopisi, meditativna proza, literarna cenzura, vita Christi

Matija Ogrin: Ascetic and Meditative Prose in Slovenian Baroque Literature. Jezik in slovstvo. 3-4/2020. 115–135.
As a literary genre, so-called meditative prose appeared in Slovenian Baroque literature in the seventeenth century and maintained its vitality throughout the Baroque period and deep into the nineteenth century. Most of the texts of this genre were not able to penetrate the medium of the printed book, instead circulating among readers only in manuscripts. As early as the middle of the seventeenth century, two basic subgenres of meditative prose emerged. The first is represented by Adam Skalar’s manuscript from 1643, where the narration is formed by expressive literary devices and sensual representations that motivate the reader’s emotional world. The second genre is represented by the oldest surviving Slovenian translation of Andrej Jankovič’s Imitatio Christi (1659), with concise and cogent spiritual sayings that address the reader’s intellectual powers, will and spiritual insight. Most of the extant manuscripts belong to the first genre. The most important of these is the Poljane manuscript, an extensive, meditative literary narrative about the life and suffering of Jesus, written around 1800, which testifies to the popularity and perseverance of the literary genre vita Christi in the Slovenian language.
Keywords: Slovenian literature, Baroque, manuscripts, meditative prose, censorship, vita

PDF: http://www.jezikinslovstvo.com/pdf.php?part=2020|3-4|117-137



Alen Širca: Slovenska baročna pridiga. Jezik in slovstvo. 3-4/2020. 137–150.
Članek razpravlja o baročni pridigi kot posebni literarni zvrsti, ki spada v t. i. nefikcijsko literaturo. Omejuje se na tri poglavitne avtorje, ki so ob koncu 17. in na začetku 18. stoletja uspeli svoja besedila izdati v tiskani obliki. To sta kapucinska pridigarja Janez Svetokriški in Rogerij Ljubljanski ter jezuit Jernej Basar. Izmed naštetih je gotovo najpomembnejši Svetokriški. Slovenska literarna zgodovina je v njegovem Svetem priročniku prepoznala literarne kvalitete predvsem tam, kjer uporablja izrazito pripovedne prvine (eksempli, basni, krajši humoristični zapisi). Vsebinsko in slogovno so podobne pridige Rogerija Ljubljanskega (Palmarium Empyreum), le da je v njih manj humorja in referenc na sočasno družbeno okolje. Rogerijeva odlika je med drugim občutek za pesniški jezik, kar je razvidno iz njegovih prevodih latinskih pesmi, vloženih v pridige. Delo Jerneja Basarja (Pridige) predstavlja nov tip asketično-medtitativne pridige v slovenskem jeziku. Tudi to delo vsebuje nekatere tipično baročne prvine, kot je tema vanitas mundi (»ničevosti sveta«), čeprav se deloma že približuje klasicističnemu tipu pridige, morda pod vplivom Paola Segnerija.
Ključne besede: slovenska literatura, pridige, literarni barok, Janez Svetokriški, Rogerij Ljubljanski, Jernej Basar

Alen Širca: The Slovenian Baroque Sermon. Jezik in slovstvo. 3-4/2020. 137–150.
The article discusses the Baroque sermon as a special literary genre that belongs to so-called nonfiction literature. It is limited to the three main authors who managed to publish their texts in printed form at the end of the seventeenth and the beginning of the eighteenth century. These are the Capuchin preachers Janez Svetokriški and Rogerij Ljubljanski, and the Jesuit Jernej Basar. Of these, the most important is certainly Svetokriški. Slovenian literary history has recognised the literary qualities in his Sveti priročnik, especially where it uses distinctly narrative elements (exempla, fables, short humorous texts). In content and style, the sermons of Roger of Ljubljana (Palmarium Empyreum) are similar, except that they contain less humour and fewer references to the contemporary social context. Among Roger’s literary virtues is a sense of poetic language, as evidenced by his translations of Latin poems embedded in his sermons. The work of Jernej Basar (Conciones) represents a new type of ascetic-meditative sermon in the Slovenian language. This work, too, contains some typically Baroque elements, such as the theme of vanitas mundi, although in part it already approaches the classicist type of sermon, perhaps influenced by Paolo Segneri.
Keywords: Slovenian Literature, sermons, literary Baroque, Janez Svetokriški, Rogerij Ljubljanski, Jernej Basar

PDF: http://www.jezikinslovstvo.com/pdf.php?part=2020|3-4|139-152



Urška Perenič: Tradicija (kratkega) pripovedništva v slovenščini pred 1820. Jezik in slovstvo. 3-4/2020. 151–165.
V prispevku najprej opredelimo pojem pripovedništva za obdobje pred letom 1820. Razumemo ga kot zapisana besedila, ki zajemajo tako pripovedno verzifikacijo kot pripovedno prozo nabožne in posvetne vrste. Zraven pripovedništvo razumemo v poudarjeni povezavi s prisotnostjo zgodbe. Ostre ločnice med prevodnim in izvirnim pisanjem ne zarisujemo, saj so za slovensko literarno kulturo tega (in tudi poznejših obdobij) značilni intenzivni medkulturni stiki z drugimi jezikovnimi kulturami (latinsko, nemško, italijansko). V ospredje stopijo t. i. male forme pripovedovanja. Predlagamo pojem »eksempelskega pripovedovanja« (Schwarzbach-Dobson), ki na podlagi prevladujoče poučno-vzgojne funkcije besedil posrečeno združuje raznovrstne kratke oblike pripovedovanja, od svetopisemske zgodbe (ta je notranje razvejan pojem) prek prilike ali parabole, prispodobe, basni, anekdote do resničnih ali izmišljenih zgodb. Nanje naletimo tako v nabožnih, pridižnih besedilih, kakršna je pisal denimo Janez Svetokriški, kakor v čisto posvetnih, laičnih besedilih, kakršne so pratikarske prigodbe izpod peresa Valentina Vodnika. Ugotovimo sorazmerno izdatnost in kontinuiteto t. i. eksempelskega pripovedovanja v slovenščini od protestantizma dalje. Spoznanja strnemo v tipologijo, ki vsebuje glavne pojavne oblike (izvirnega in prevodnega) eksempelskega pripovedovanja.
Ključne besede: eksempelsko pripovedovanje, protestantizem, katoliška doba, razsvetljenstvo, svetopisemske pripovedi, pridiga, prilika, prispodoba, basen, anekdota, kratkočasna zgodba, legendarna pesnitev, (folklorna) balada, krištofšmidovska pripoved, poučno-vzgojna funkcija književnosti, starejša slovenska književnost

Urška Perenič: The Tradition of (Short) Story Telling in Slovenian before 1820. Jezik in slovstvo. 3-4/2020. 151–165.
In this article, we first define the concept of short story telling before 1820. Short story telling is understood as written texts that include religious and secular narrative verse and narrative prose. We do not draw a sharp distinction between translated and original writing, as Slovenian literary culture of this period (and later periods) is characterised by intensive intercultural contacts with other languages (Latin, German, Italian). We propose the notion of “exemplary storytelling” (Schwarzbach-Dobson), which, on the basis of the predominantly educational function of texts, combines various short forms of narration, from Biblical stories to parables, anecdotes to fictional stories. We consider both religious texts (e.g., sermons) and secular texts (e.g., almanacs), and demonstrate the continuity of exemplary storytelling in Slovenian from Protestantism onwards. The findings are summarised in an original typology that contains the main manifestations of exemplary storytelling.
Keywords: short story telling, Counter Reformation, Christoph Schmid, moral literature, premodern Slovenian literature

PDF: http://www.jezikinslovstvo.com/pdf.php?part=2020|3-4|153-167



Monika Deželak Trojar: Jezuitska dramatika in gledališče na Slovenskem. Jezik in slovstvo. 3-4/2020. 167–182.
Jezuitsko gledališče je bilo vseevropski fenomen zgodnjega novega veka. Njegovo izhodišče sta bili jezuitska izobraževalna in pastoralna dejavnost. Dramska dejavnost jezuitov v Ljubljani, Celovcu, Gorici in Trstu je sledila splošnim evropskim težnjam; bila je vmesni člen med gledališkimi predstavami v protestantski stanovski šoli ter poznejšimi gostovanji nemških in italijanskih gledaliških skupin na naših tleh. Predstavlja prvo pravo in urejeno gledališče na Slovenskem, o katerem so se nam ohranili zanesljivi arhivski viri. Ker je jezuitsko gledališče v Ljubljani delovalo več kot sto sedemdeset let in ker so bile njegove predstave redne, je pomembno pripomoglo k razvoju deželne gledališke in splošne kulture. Prispevek prinaša pregled dramske dejavnosti jezuitov v Ljubljani od ustanovitve kolegija (1596) do razpusta jezuitskega reda (1773) in izpostavlja nekaj ohranjenih primerkov ljubljanskih dramskih besedil.
Ključne besede: jezuitsko gledališče, jezuitska dramatika, šolske predstave, verske predstave, Ljubljanski kolegij Družbe Jezusove

Monika Deželak Trojar: Jesuit Drama and Theatre in Slovenia. Jezik in slovstvo. 3-4/2020. 167–182.
Jesuit theatre was a pan-European phenomenon in the early modern period, originating from the Jesuits’ educational and pastoral activity. The Jesuits’ drama activity in Ljubljana, Klagenfurt, Gorica and Trieste followed general European trends; it was an intermediate link between theatre performances at Protestant estates school and later performances by visiting German and Italian theatre troupes in Slovenia. It represents the first proper and organised theatre in Slovenia on which reliable archival sources have been preserved. Since Jesuit theatre in Ljubljana operated for over 170 years, offering regular performances, it contributed significantly to the development of the provincial theatre and general culture. The present article provides an overview of the Jesuits’ drama activity in Ljubljana from the establishment of the Jesuit College (1596) to the dissolution of the Jesuit order (1773), highlighting selected examples of preserved Ljubljana plays.
Keywords: Jesuit theatre, Jesuit Drama, school performances, religious performances, Ljubljana College of the Society of Jesus

PDF: http://www.jezikinslovstvo.com/pdf.php?part=2020|3-4|169-184



Luka Vidmar: Od prevajanja Molièra in Metastasia do uprizarjanja Micke in Matička: dolgo porajanje slovenske posvetne dramatike in gledališča. Jezik in slovstvo. 3-4/2020. 183–200.
Razprava pregledno obravnava začetke slovenske posvetne dramatike in gledališča. Leta 1669 ali 1670 je začel Fran Krsto Frankopan prevajati Molièrovo komedijo George Dandin, najbrž okoli leta 1775 pa Jurij Japelj Metastasiev libreto Artaserse. Prvo posvetno dramsko delo je leta 1780 pod naslovom Opereta objavil Anton Feliks Dev. Po letu 1781 sta začela Anton Tomaž Linhart in Žiga Zois prevajati italijanske arije, te slovenske speve pa so nato izvajale gostujoče italijanske in nemške gledališke skupine v Ljubljani. Prva znana posvetna gledališka predstava je bila uprizoritev Linhartove Županove Micke, prevoda Richterjeve veseloigre Die Feldmühle, leta 1789 v Ljubljani. Linhartovo delo Matiček se ženi, predelava Beaumarchaiseve komedije La Folle Journée ou le Mariage de Figaro, leta 1790 očitno ni bilo uprizorjeno, ampak samo natisnjeno. Po letu 1803, ko je bil v Ljubljani uprizorjen Kopitarjev Tinček Petelinček, priredba Kotzebuejeve igre Der Hahnenschlag, se je tradicija slovenskega posvetnega gledališča kljub nastanku več izvirnih in prevedenih dram nadaljevala šele leta 1848.
Ključne besede: slovenska posvetna dramatika, slovensko posvetno gledališče, opera, komedija, Anton Feliks Dev, Anton Tomaž Linhart, Žiga Zois, Jernej Kopitar

Luka Vidmar: From Translating Molière and Metastasio to Staging Micka and Matiček: The Long Formation of Slovenian Secular Drama and Theatre. Jezik in slovstvo. 3-4/2020. 183–200.
The article re-examines the formation of Slovenian secular drama and theatre. In 1669 or 1670, Fran Krsto Frankopan started to translate Molière’s comedy George Dandin, and probably around 1775, Jurij Japelj started to translate Metastasioʼs libretto Artaserse. The first secular play, entitled Opereta, was published by Anton Feliks Dev in 1780. After 1781, Anton Tomaž Linhart and Žiga Zois began to translate Italian arias, and these Slovenian songs were then performed by visiting German and Italian theatre troupes in Ljubljana. The first documented secular theatrical performance was a staging of Linhart’s Županova Micka (a translation of Richter’s comedy Die Feldmühle) in 1789 in Ljubljana. In 1790, Linhart’s Matiček se ženi (an adaptation of Beaumarchais’s comedy La Folle Journée ou le Mariage de Figaro) was published, but obviously not performed. After 1803, when Kopitar’s Tinček Petelinček (an adaptation of Kotzebue’s play Der Hahnenschlag) was staged in Ljubljana, the tradition of Slovenian theatre – despite many new original and translated plays – only continued in 1848.
Keywords: Slovenian secular drama, Slovenian secular theatre, opera, comedy, Anton Feliks Dev, Anton Tomaž Linhart, Žiga Zois, Jernej Kopitar

PDF: http://www.jezikinslovstvo.com/pdf.php?part=2020|3-4|185-202



Blanka Bošnjak: Slovenski periodični tisk in izbrane strokovne knjige do 1820. Jezik in slovstvo. 3-4/2020. 201–213.
V kontekstu prvega slovenskega periodičnega tiska in izdajanja slovenskih strokovnih knjig (s čimer so mišljeni posvetni tiski) z izidom do leta 1820, bi izpostavili njihovo vseskozi pomembno vlogo pri izobraževanju Slovencev že od Trubarjevega koledarja naprej, ki je prvič izšel leta 1557. V 18. stoletju so sledile periodične izdaje različnih poučnih in uporabnih pratik za gospodarjenje – Nova krajnska pratika vsaj od 1726 naprej, Breznikova Večna pratika od gospodarstva (prvič iz leta 1789) ter iz tega časa na prelomu stoletij vsebinsko nadgrajeni Vodnikovi Velika in Mala pratika. Izdajanje drugih slovenskih strokovnih knjig poljudnega značaja se je razmahnilo zlasti v času razsvetljenstva, kar je bilo v skladu z njegovo utilitaristično doktrino in težnjo po informiranju, kamor sodi tudi prvi slovenski časnik Lublanske novice.
Ključne besede: slovenski koledarji, pratike, časopis Lublanske novice, slovenske strokovne knjige do 1820

Blanka Bošnjak: Slovenian Periodicals and Selected Professional Books until 1820. Jezik in slovstvo. 3-4/2020. 201–213.
In the context of the first Slovenian periodicals and the publication of Slovenian professional books (meaning secular prints) published by 1820, their important role in educating Slovenians would be highlighted from Trubar’s calendar onwards, which was first published in 1557. In the eighteenth century, periodical editions of various useful and instructive almanacs for management followed – Nova krajnska pratika (from at least 1726 onwards), Breznik’s Večna pratika od gospodarstva (first from 1789) – and from that time Vodnik’s Velika and Mala pratika appeared at the turn of the century with upgraded content. The publication of other Slovenian professional books of a popular nature flourished, especially during the Enlightenment, in accordance with its utilitarian doctrine and the tendency to inform. Among such publications was the first Slovenian newspaper, Lublanske novice.
Keywords: Slovenian calendars, almanac, newspaper Lublanske novice, Slovenian professional books until 1820

PDF: http://www.jezikinslovstvo.com/pdf.php?part=2020|3-4|203-215



Boris Golec: Uradovalna slovenika od začetkov do prelomne srede 19. stoletja. Jezik in slovstvo. 3-4/2020. 215–235.
Preden je bila slovenščina leta 1849 implicitno priznana za enega od uradnih jezikov Avstrijskega cesarstva, so v njej le izjemoma nastajali uradovalni zapisi, čeprav je uradovanje na nižjih ravneh pogosto potekalo po slovensko. Ključni razlog za tako šibko pisno uradovalno prakso je bila odsotnost oblastnih vzvodov, ki bi dali jeziku ustrezno veljavo, zato tudi ni bilo slovenske pisne uradovalne tradicije in edukacije uradnikov. Pri uradovalni sloveniki iz tega časa gre skoraj vedno za skromne priložnostne zapise za ustno rabo, in ne za dokumente v pravem pomenu besede. Daleč največ je nastalo in se ohranilo prisežnih besedil, medtem ko je drugih zvrsti rokopisnih dokumentov komaj za vzorec. S povečano stopnjo pismenosti so od konca 18. stoletja dalje postali delna izjema zapisi ustnih oporok, pogosto delo navadnih ljudi. Sredi 18. stoletja so se rokopisnim dokumentom pridružili tiskani prevodi normalij, ki so jih izdajale državne oblasti. Z njimi je slovenski jezik prodrl v upravno-politično poslovanje in prvič dobil širšo obveščevalno funkcijo.
Ključne besede: uradovalna slovenščina, ustno uradovanje, pisno uradovanje, uradni jezik, prisege, razglasi, oporoke

Boris Golec: Administrative Slovenica from the Beginnings to the Watershed Mid-Nineteenth Century. Jezik in slovstvo. 3-4/2020. 215–235.
Before receiving implicit recognition as one of the official languages in the Austrian Empire in 1849, Slovenian was used in extremely rare administrative records, although it did feature quite prominently in low-level administration. The key reason for such a weak practice of written administration was the absence of governmental leverage that would accord the language its due legitimacy, which resulted in the failure to establish a written administrative tradition and education of officials in Slovenian. The administrative slovenica from that period almost exclusively comprised modest occasional records intended for spoken use rather than documents in the legal sense. The vast majority of records produced and preserved are represented by texts of oaths, whereas other types of manuscript documents account for a mere fraction. Due to the growing literacy rate, records of oral wills, frequently made by ordinary people, became a partial exception from the end of the eighteenth century onwards. In the mid-eighteenth century, manuscript documents started to give way to printed translations of norms issued by the state government. With these, the Slovenian language made its way into administrative-political operations and, for the first time, took on a broader communication function.
Keywords: administrative Slovenian language, spoken administration, written administration, official language, oaths, proclamations, last wills

PDF: http://www.jezikinslovstvo.com/pdf.php?part=2020|3-4|217-237



Matej Hriberšek: Vpogled v latinsko ustvarjalnost na slovenskem od obdobja reformacije do prve polovice 19. stoletja. Jezik in slovstvo. 3-4/2020. 237–268.
Latinska ustvarjalnost na Slovenskem je področje, ki je pri nas še razmeroma slabo raziskano, saj so se z njo ukvarjali le redki. Tudi pri raziskovanju slovenske literarne zgodovine ostajajo pisci, ki so v celoti ali vsaj deloma pisali v latinskem jeziku, dostikrat spregledani ali potisnjeni v ozadje, kar pušča pri njenem razumevanju in vrednotenju precejšnjo vrzel, kajti velik del književnih ustvarjalcev je bil klasično izobražen in oba klasična jezika sta prek njihove izobrazbe velikokrat pustila v njihovi ustvarjalnosti viden pečat tako pri tematiki njihovih del kot tudi v njihovem jeziku. Zato ostaja temeljit pregled latinske ustvarjalnosti na Slovenskem še vedno deziderat ne le filološke stroke, ampak tudi slovenistike in številnih drugih področij. V prispevku je pregledno predstavljena latinska ustvarjalnost na Slovenskem od sredine 16. stoletja do sredine 19. stoletja, nekatera njena področja pa so predstavljena z ilustrativnimi primeri.
Ključne besede: latinščina, novolatinska književnost, rokopisi, literarne zvrsti

Matej Hriberšek: Insight into Latin Literary Creativity in Slovenia from the Mid-Sixteenth to the Mid-Nineteenth Century. Jezik in slovstvo. 3-4/2020. 237–268.
Latin literary creation in Slovenia is a relatively poorly researched field in this country, as it has been dealt with by only a few researchers. In the study of Slovenian literary history, too, there are authors who exclusively or at least partly wrote in the Latin language and who are frequently either overlooked or marginalised, thus leaving a significant gap in the understanding and evaluation of their work. A large proportion of literary authors had a classical education and, through their education, both classical languages often left a noticeable mark on their output, both in the topics of their works and in their language. Thus, a thorough overview of Latin creativity in Slovenia still remains a desideratum not only in the field of philology, but also of Slovenian studies and numerous other fields. The present article concisely presents Latin creativity in Slovenia from the mid-sixteenth to the mid-nineteenth century, while some of its fields are also accompanied by illustrative examples.
Keywords: Latin, Neo-Latin literature, manuscripts, literary genres

PDF: http://www.jezikinslovstvo.com/pdf.php?part=2020|3-4|239-270



Alojzija Zupan Sosič : Očetje in sinovi v maturitetnih romanih Konje krast in Figa. Jezik in slovstvo. 3-4/2020. 269–285.
Maturitetna romana Konje krast in Figa obravnavata v odnosu očeta in sina manj pogoste, celo tabuizirane teme, kot so prebolevanje otroške travme in molk ob izgubi ljubljene osebe. Študija se posveča naslednjim zgodbenim stičiščem: očetovi odsotnosti, bolečini kot mestu prebolevanja in preseganja preteklosti, prepletenosti časa, umeščenosti družinske zgodbe v družbeni kontekst in pomenu narave za glavne literarne like. Številnim kvalitetnim podobnostim na zgodbeni ravni se na koncu pridruži še obravnava pripovedne kvalitete obeh romanov, ki prinaša bistveno razliko: Konje krast je pripovedno kvaliteten, Figa pa manj kvaliteten roman. V Figi vključuje delna trivializacija na pripovedni ravni naslednje trivialne postopke – simplifikacijo, redundanco, monosemičnost in manko avtoreferencialnosti –, katerih posledice so nereducirana gostobesednost, linearna poročevalnost ter primanjkljaj simbolike in metaforike oziroma estetske zgoščenosti.
Ključne besede: oče in sin, zgodbena stičišča, pripovedna kvaliteta romana Konje Krast, delna trivializacija romana Figa

Alojzija Zupan Sosič : Fathers and Sons in the Graduation Novels Konje krast and Figa . Jezik in slovstvo. 3-4/2020. 269–285.
The graduation novels Konje krast (Out Stealing Horses) and Figa (Fig) address less common, almost taboo topics in the father-son relationship, such us overcoming child trauma and silence on the loss of a loved one. The study focuses on the following story junctions: the father’s absence, pain as a place of overcoming and exceeding the past, the intertwining of time, the placement of the family story in the social context, and the significance of nature for the main literary characters. Numerous quality similarities at the story level are, at the end, joined by a discussion of the narrative qualities of both novels, which brings a significant difference: Konje krast contains higher narrative quality whereas Figa is a novel of lower quality. In Figa, partial trivialisation at the narrative level involves the (trivial) procedures of simplification, redundancy, monosemicity and a lack of self-referentiality. The consequences of these procedures are unreduced narrativity, linear reporting, and a lack of symbolism and metaphor or aesthetic concentration.
Keywords: father and son, story junctions, quality of the narrative level of Konje krast, partial trivialisation of the novel Figa

PDF: http://www.jezikinslovstvo.com/pdf.php?part=2020|3-4|271-287



Alenka Žbogar: Razmerja v izbrani sodobni slovenski kratki prozi. Jezik in slovstvo. 3-4/2020. 287–294.
Osvetlili bomo družinska in partnerska razmerja v izbranih sodobnih slovenskih kratkoproznih zbirkah, ki so izšle v prvem desetletju 21. stoletja. Analizirane bodo zbirke Zakon želje (2000) Andreja Blatnika, Made in Slovenia (2007) Aleša Čara, Vsi moji božiči (2006) Maruše Krese, Gverilci (2004) Polone Glavan in Fragma (2003) Mojce Kumerdej. Skušali bomo pojasniti, kakšna družinska in partnerska dinamika se kaže v teh zbirkah, ter pretehtati, ali izbrane zbirke sodijo v t. i. literarni minimalizem ter na katerih področjih se ta kaže. Pojasnili bomo, zakaj v zbirkah prevladujejo subjekti pogovarjanja in v kolikšni meri se zbirke prilegajo teoriji ledene gore.
Ključne besede: slovenska kratka proza (2000–2010), literarni minimalizem, subjekt pogovarjanja, teorija ledene gore, družinska in partnerska razmerja

Alenka Žbogar: Relationships in Selected Contemporary Slovenian Short Stories. Jezik in slovstvo. 3-4/2020. 287–294.
The article highlights family and partner relationships in selected contemporary Slovenian short story collections published in the first decade of the twenty-first century. The following collections are analysed: Law of Desire (2000) by Andrej Blatnik, Made in Slovenia (2007) by Aleš Čar, All My Christmas (2006) by Maruša Krese, Guerrilla (2004) by Polona Glavan and Fragma (2003) by Mojca Kumerdej. We attempt to clarify the kind of family and partner dynamics reflected in these collections, and consider whether the selected collections fall within so-called literary minimalism and in which areas this is reflected. We explain why subjects of conversation dominate in these collections and the extent to which they fit the Iceberg Theory.
Keywords: Slovenian short stories (2000–2010), literary minimalism, subject of conversation, Iceberg Theory, family and partner relationships

PDF: http://www.jezikinslovstvo.com/pdf.php?part=2020|3-4|289-296



Neža Kočnik: Honorarji prvega slovenskega poklicnega pisatelja. Jezik in slovstvo. 3-4/2020. 295–313.
Prispevek prinaša sistematični pregled pisateljskih honorarjev Ivana Cankarja z ozirom na odnose, ki jih je pisatelj ustvarjal z založniki in uredniki. Glavni vir podatkov za knjižne izdaje je bila Cankarjeva korespondenca, za objave v časopisju in revijah pa obračunski listi in drugi zapisi urednikov. Osrednje mesto med založniki ima Lavoslav Schwentner, sledijo pa mu Ottomar Bamberg, Fran Levec, Fran S. Finžgar in Valentin Podgorec. Uredniki, ki so honorirali pisateljeve prispevke v časopisju in revijah, so predstavljeni kronološko, tj. po času njihovega urednikovanja. Honorarjem knjižnih izdaj so v tabeli dodane tudi tržne cene knjig ob njihovem izidu. Honorarji, ki jih je pisatelj prejemal tako za knjižne izdaje kot objave v časopisju in revijah, so bili visoki, prav tako pa je s svojo samozavestjo in retorično zmožnostjo založnike in urednike marsikdaj prepričal, da so mu izplačali predujeme, ki jih pogosto ni mogel povrniti.
Ključne besede: Ivan Cankar, honorarji, poklic pisatelja

Neža Kočnik: Book-Publishing Royalties of the First Professional Slovenian Writer. Jezik in slovstvo. 3-4/2020. 295–313.
The article presents a systematic overview of Ivan Cankar’s royalty payments with regard to the relationships he built with publishers and editors. While the main source of information about the book editions was Cankar’s own correspondence, the information about publications in periodicals originates from his editors’ balance sheets and other records. Lavoslav Schwentner represents the main publisher, followed by Ottomar Bamberg, Fran Levec, Fran S. Finžgar and Valentin Podgorec. The editors responsible for royalty payments from periodical publications are presented chronologically, that is, according to the period during which they held the editorial position. In the given table, the royalties Cankar collected from the book editions of his works are presented alongside the retail prices of the books at the time of publication. In addition to the writer receiving high royalty payments for both book editions and periodical editions, he frequently used his confidence and rhetorical skills to persuade publishers and editors to pay out advances, which he was often unable repay.
Keywords: Ivan Cankar, book-publishing royalties, writing as a profession

PDF: http://www.jezikinslovstvo.com/pdf.php?part=2020|3-4|297-315



Biljana Mirchevska-Bosheva in Gjoko Nikolovski: Frazeološka podoba smrti v makedonskem in slovenskem jeziku. Jezik in slovstvo. 3-4/2020. 315–337.
Prispevek se ukvarja s frazeološko podobo smrti v makedonskem in slovenskem jeziku. Obravnavani so makedonski in slovenski frazemi, ki so glede na pomen in/ali komponente povezani s pojmom smrti. Zbrano frazeološko gradivo je na podlagi kronološke obravnave smrti analizirano in razdeljeno v tri velike skupine (smrt se bliža, umreti, posmrtni trenutki), pri čemer je izhodiščna hipoteza prispevka, da se tovrsten kronološki prikaz smrti lahko aplicira na oba jezika.
Ključne besede: frazeološka podoba, frazemi, smrt, makedonščina, slovenščina

Biljana Mirchevska-Bosheva in Gjoko Nikolovski: The Phraseological Image of Death in Macedonian and Slovenian. Jezik in slovstvo. 3-4/2020. 315–337.
The article deals with the phraseological image of death in Macedonian and Slovenian. Macedonian and Slovenian idioms related to the concept of death in terms of meaning and/or components are discussed. Based on a chronological treatment of death, the collected phraseological material is analysed and divided into three large groups (death is approaching, death, posthumous moments). The initial hypothesis of the paper is that such a chronological conceptualisation of death can be applied to both languages.
Keywords: phraseological image, idioms, death, Macedonian, Slovenian

PDF: http://www.jezikinslovstvo.com/pdf.php?part=2020|3-4|317-339



Monika Deželak Trojar: Marija Klobčar: Poslušajte štimo mojo: potujoči pevci na Slovenskem. Jezik in slovstvo. 3-4/2020. 339–342.
Ocene in poročila

Monika Deželak Trojar: Marija Klobčar: Listen to My Song: Travelling Singers in Sloveni . Jezik in slovstvo. 3-4/2020. 339–342.
Reviews and Reports

PDF: http://www.jezikinslovstvo.com/pdf.php?part=2020|3-4|341-344



Nina Ditmajer: Matija Ogrin: Slovensko slovstveno izročilo. Jezik in slovstvo. 3-4/2020. 343–347.
Ocene in poročila

Nina Ditmajer: Matija Ogrin: The Slovenian Literary Tradition. Jezik in slovstvo. 3-4/2020. 343–347.
Reviews and Reports

PDF: http://www.jezikinslovstvo.com/pdf.php?part=2020|3-4|345-349



Matjaž Kmecl: Odziv na poročilo Posebna številka revije Teorija in praksa: Slovenščina v javnosti po 40 letih. Jezik in slovstvo. 3-4/2020. 349–350.
Prejeli smo

Matjaž Kmecl: Response to the Report: Special Issue of Theory and Practice: Slovenian in Public after Forty Years. Jezik in slovstvo. 3-4/2020. 349–350.
Received

PDF: http://www.jezikinslovstvo.com/pdf.php?part=2020|3-4|351-352



Erika Brtáňová – Daniel Soukup (in kol.): Iz zgodovine pridigarske proze I. (Z dejín kázňovej prózy I.) . Jezik in slovstvo. 3-4/2020. 351.
V branje vam priporočamo

Erika Brtáňová – Daniel Soukup (in kol.): . Jezik in slovstvo. 3-4/2020. 351.
Recommended reading

PDF: http://www.jezikinslovstvo.com/pdf.php?part=2020|3-4|353