Številka 2/2005 ~ Issue 2/2005

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Vojko Gorjanc: Simon Krek in Polona Gantar, Slovenska leksikalna podatkovna zbirka. Jezik in slovstvo. 2/2005. 3–19.
V članku predstavimo idejo oblikovanja slovenske leksikalne podatkovne zbirke, pripravljene na podlagi korpusne analize. Predstavljena izhodišča oblikovanja leksikalne podatkovne zbirke temeljijo na izkušnjah poskusne faze izdelave geslovnika za male dvojezične slovarje DZS s slovenščino kot izhodiščnim jezikom in korpusni analizi v okviru ciljnega raziskovalnega projekta »Zasnova na korpusu temelječih slovarskih in slovničnih opisov slovenskega jezika«. Oblikovanje leksikalne podatkovne zbirke utemeljujemo z dejstvom, da obstoječi slovarji slovenskega jezika ne predstavljajo sodobnega jezika, so tudi metodološko zastareli in nikoli niso dosledno izpeljali jezikovnega opisovanja brez predpisovanja. Predlagana zasnova leksikalne podatkovne zbirke omogoča gradnjo različnih tipov slovarjev; gre namreč za notranje hierarhiziran leksikalni opis sodobnega slovenskega jezika, kakršnega lahko pridobimo na podlagi referenčnega Korpusa slovenskega jezika FIDA.

Vojko Gorjanc: Simon Krek and Polona Gantar, A Lexical Database for the Slovene Language. Jezik in slovstvo. 2/2005. 3–19.
The article describes the idea of a lexical database for the Slovene language created on the basis of a corpus analysis. Starting points for the formation of the lexical database are based on experience gained during the trial phase while building a glossary for small bilingual dictionaries by DZS (i.e. the National Slovene Publishing House) with Slovene as the source language, and the corpus analysis as part of the research project entitled “Designing Corpus-based Dictionary and Grammar Descriptions for the Slovene Language”. The authors argue in favour of the creation of a lexical database claiming that the existing dictionaries of the Slovene language are not a reflection of contemporary language, are methodologically outdated, and have never been consistent in their linguistic description without also being prescriptive. The proposed design for a lexical database enables the creation of different types of dictionaries; the outcome of the proposal is an inner hierarchic lexical description of contemporary Slovene, which can be obtained from the FIDA Reference Corpus of the Slovene Language.



Martin Ahlin: Branka Lazar, Zvonka Praznik in Jerica Snoj, Prislovi v sinonimnem slovarju. Jezik in slovstvo. 2/2005. 21–33.
Slovarski prikaz prislovov v sinonimnem slovarju zastavlja slovenskemu slovaropisju nekatera doslej neobravnavana vprašanja. V obstoječih slovarjih namreč zlasti izpridevniški prislovi večinoma niso pomensko samostojno opisane slovarske enote, pač pa so navadno prikazani kot podiztočnice pri besedotvornopodstavnem pridevniku in s sklicevanjem na pridevniško pomenskost. Pri ugotavljanju in opisovanju sinonimnih razmerij se kaže potreba po samostojnem pomenskem opisu, ki upošteva prislovno kategorialnost. Sestavek predstavlja nekaj primerov reševanja vprašanj s tega področja, in sicer v obliki soočenja doslejšnjih leksikoloških spoznanj o slovenskih prislovih z zahtevami, ki jih vključuje obdelava prislovne sinonimije v sinonimnem slovarju.

Martin Ahlin: Branka Lazar, Zvonka Praznik and Jerica Snoj, Adverbs in the Dictionary of Synonyms. Jezik in slovstvo. 2/2005. 21–33.
The dictionary description of adverbs in the dictionary of synonyms poses some questions to Slovene lexicography which have not been answered so far. In the existing dictionaries, particularly adverbs formed from adjectives are mainly not semantically independent dictionary entries, but are usually illustrated as sub-entries to base adjectives with reference to their adjectival meaning. When determining and describing synonymous relations there is a need arising for an independent semantic description which takes into account adverbial categorisation. The article illustrates some examples of solving questions concerning this matter by juxtaposing lexicological findings about Slovene adverbs so far, with the demands posed by the treatment of synonymous adverbs in the dictionary of synonyms.



Mojca Žagar: Determinologizacija (na primeru terminologije fizike). Jezik in slovstvo. 2/2005. 35–48.
Pri determinologizaciji gre za prehod termina iz terminologije v splošno leksiko, torej iz znanstvenih besedil, ki nagovarjajo zelo specializiranega naslovnika, v besedila, ki so namenjena širši javnosti (pogosto gre za jezik množičnih medijev). Determinologizacijo delimo na delno determinologizacijo, kjer osnovne pomenske sestavine termina ostanejo nespremenjene, popolno determinologizacijo, pri kateri dobi leksem nov pomen, in individualno determinologizacijo, ki je vezana na kreativno rabo v besedilu. S pomočjo SSKJ in Korpusa slovenskega jezika FIDA smo ugotavljali, kako se popolna determinologizacija kaže pri terminih iz fizike.

Mojca Žagar: Determinologisation (the Case of Physics Terminology). Jezik in slovstvo. 2/2005. 35–48.
Determinologisation describes the transition of a term from a specific terminology to a general lexical inventory, i.e. from scientific discourse addressing a highly specific scientific linguistic community to a discourse aimed at the general public (frequently the language used by the mass media). Determinologisation can be divided into partial determinologisation, where the basic semantic components of the term remain unchanged, full determinologisation, where a lexeme assumes a new meaning, and individual determinologisation correlated to a creative use within a text. With the help of the SSKJ (Dictionary of the Standard Slovene Language) and the FIDA Reference Corpus of the Slovene Language, it has been tested how complete determinologisation is manifested on terms taken from the subject of Physics.



David Puc: Teorija argumentacije Oswalda Ducrota. Jezik in slovstvo. 2/2005. 49–61.
Namen članka je prikazati teorijo argumentacije francoskega jezikoslovca in filozofa Oswalda Ducrota. Izhajajoč iz strukturalne razlike med stavkom in izjavo avtor v kritičnem dialogu s tradicijo govornih dejanj razvije novo teorijo argumentacije – »teorijo argumentacije v jeziku«. Ducrot s to teorijo raziskuje argumentativni potencial jezika kot sistema in pokaže, da so v jezik kot sistem že vpisane določene argumentativne lastnosti. Argumentacija ne temelji na dejstvih ali logični dedukciji, ampak je vpisana v t. i. argumentativne operatorje (nekateri vezniki, členki in prislovi). V zadnji fazi Ducrot argumentacijo utemelji na toposih kot neki (jezikovni) skupnosti skupnih, splošnih in stopnjevalnih strukturah. V zadnjem delu članka je Ducrotova teorija argumentacije aplicirana na primeru besedilne vrste komentar, nakazane pa so tudi smernice za nadaljnji razvoj teorije toposov.

David Puc: Oswald Ducrot and His Theory of Argumentation. Jezik in slovstvo. 2/2005. 49–61.
The article aims to show the theory of argumentation by the French linguist and philosopher Oswald Ducrot. Based on the structural difference between a sentence and an utterance, the author in a critical dialogue with the tradition of speech acts develops a new theory of argumentation – “the theory of argumentation in the language system”. With this theory Ducrot researches the argumentative potential of the language as a system and shows that certain argumentative features are already written into the language as a system. Argumentation is not based on facts and logical deduction, it is written into the so-called argumentative operators (certain conjunctions, particles and adverbs). In the final part of the article Ducrot’s theory of argumentation is applied to the text type of commentary, while guidelines for further development of the topos theory are also provided.



Boris Paternu: Po sledeh jezikovnih travm v sodobni slovenski književnosti. Jezik in slovstvo. 2/2005. 63–77.
Jezikovna travma je pogostna tema sodobne slovenske književnosti. Najbolj opazno je zbrana okoli vprašanja pisateljeve osebne izbire med slovenskim in tujim jezikom. Pri starejših pisateljih, ki so v mladih letih šli skozi jezikovni genocid fašizma in nacizma, jezikovna prizadetost nosi znake skrajnih stresov in travm. Pri današnjih mlajših avtorjih, v času demokracije in globalizacije, pa gre za nasprotni pojav, in sicer za svobodno izbiro tujega jezika in za izstop iz slovenskega. Toda v obeh primerih jezikovne izpostavljenosti, genocidnem in globalizacijskem, spremljajo pisateljevo jezikovno zavest depresije in stresi. Pri tem je značilno, da genocidne travme lahko sprožijo stopnjevano jezikovno in stilno kreativnost ogroženega jezika. Ponazoritveni primeri so ob pisateljih: Florjanu Lipušu, Lojzetu Kovačiču in Brini Svit.

Boris Paternu: Traces of Linguistic Traumas in Contemporary Slovene Literature. Jezik in slovstvo. 2/2005. 63–77.
Linguistic trauma is a frequent topic of contemporary Slovene literature. It is most notable when it concerns the question of a writer’s personal choice between the Slovene language and a foreign language. The linguistic distress of older writers, who in their youth had to survive the linguistic genocide of Fascism and Nazism, is demonstrated in the signs of great stress and trauma. At the time of democracy and globalisation, younger authors seem to demonstrate a phenomenon which is quite the opposite: opting freely for a foreign language, withdrawing from Slovene. In both cases of linguistic exposure, that of the genocide and that of globalisation, the writer’s linguistic sense is exposed to depression and stress. Typical of this is that a trauma caused by genocide can trigger off an increasing linguistic and stylistic creativity of the endangered language. This is illustrated through examples by the writers Florjan Lipuš, Lojze Kovačič and Brina Svit.



Denis Poniž: Problem Cankarjeve Lepe Vide. Jezik in slovstvo. 2/2005. 79–87.
Poslednja Cankarjeva drama, Lepa Vida, napisana leta 1912, je eno tistih dramskih besedil, katerih recepcijski odmevi so pri slovenskih literarnih zgodovinarjih še posebej skromni, a tudi brez jasnih opredelitev o tem, kaj ta drama pomeni za Cankarjevo dramatiko in vso njegovo besedno umetnost. Razprava je uvodno poglavje obsežnejše študije, ki raziskuje zgodovinsko usodo in odmeve, a tudi današnjo recepcijo tega besedila, za katero je značilno, da je pretrgalo z dotedanjo pisateljevo socialno in estetsko angažirano književnostjo in se odprlo drugačnemu razumevanju sveta in človeka. Skozi vrsto načelnih vprašanj, ki jih ponuja Cankarjeva drama, nakazuje razprava svoje pomensko in metodološko obzorje ter probleme, ki jih odpira omenjena študija.

Denis Poniž: The Problem of Lepa Vida by Ivan Cankar. Jezik in slovstvo. 2/2005. 79–87.
The last play by Ivan Cankar, Lepa Vida, written in 1912, is one of those literary works that gained an extremely modest reception response from Slovene literary historians; there are also few clear definitions of what this play means for Cankar’s playwriting and his entire literary art. The paper is an introductory chapter of an extensive study researching historical fate and response, and also the present reception of this play, which broke ties with Cankar’s social and aesthetically engaged literature of the time, and opened up towards a different understanding of the world and people. Through many a question of principle, offered by Cankar’s play, the article points out its framework of method and meaning and the problems that came to light in the above-mentioned study.



Barbara Pregelj: Nekatere značilnejše medbesedilne navezave slovenske postmoderne literature. Jezik in slovstvo. 2/2005. 89–104.
V prispevku so predstavljene nekatere značilnejše medbesedilne navezave slovenske postmoderne literature, še zlasti na detektivko in (znanstveno) fantastiko. Časovno je omejen na obdobje med leti 1980 in 2000, saj je ravno v tem časovnem obdobju prišlo do vidnejših sprememb v slovenskem literarnem prostoru, ko po eni strani slovenska literatura na videz še vedno ostaja znotraj tradicionalne dihotomne delitve literature na kanonizirano in trivialno književnost, obenem pa jo z medbesedilnim navezovanjem na trivialne žanre (kanonizirana literatura) in stremljivostjo t. i. trivialnih žanrov obenem že tudi presega.

Barbara Pregelj: Examples of Representative Intertextuality in Post-modern Slovene Literature. Jezik in slovstvo. 2/2005. 89–104.
The article presents some typical examples of representative intertextuality in post-modern Slovene literature, in particular in detective stories and (science) fiction. The study is limited to the period between the years 1980 and 2000, since it was during this time that major changes occurred in Slovene literature; on the one hand, Slovene literature seemingly remains part of the traditional dichotomy between canon literature and trivial literature, while, at the same time, already surpassing it with its intertextual relation to trivial genres (canon literature) and ambitions of the so-called trivial genres.



Andrej Leben, Erwin Köstler: Literatura in odpor, odpor v literaturi. Jezik in slovstvo. 2/2005. 105–116.
Raziskovalni projekt Literatura in odpor, odpor v literaturi je bil posvečen raziskovanju slovenske in nemške literature, pismenstva in publicistike iz časa NOB na primeru Koroške ter analizi zadevne tematike v povojnem literarnem in publicističnem diskurzu v Sloveniji in Avstriji. V središču pozornosti so bili tisti predeli avstrijske in slovenske Koroške, kjer se je v letih 1941–1945 razvil organiziran odpor proti nacizmu, pri čemer avtorja glede odporniške tematike razlikujeta tri oz. štiri perspektive: regionalno nemško, koroško slovensko, slovensko in avstrijsko. V slovenski in koroški slovenski literaturi je tematika odpora vsaj do osamosvojitve Slovenije stalno prisotna, od 70. let dalje jo sprejema tudi nemška avstrijska literatura, kjer je bila tematika dolgo vezana predvsem na eksilno literaturo, koroška literatura pa jo je praviloma zamolčala in prepuščala publicistiki.

Andrej Leben, Erwin Köstler: Literature and Resistance, Resistance in Literature. Jezik in slovstvo. 2/2005. 105–116.
The research project entitled Literatura in odpor, odpor v literaturi (Literature and Resistance, Resistance in Literature) was dedicated to the research of Slovene and German literature, the literary arts and journalism during the time of the national liberation in the Koroška region, and the analysis of this topic in post-war literary and journalistic discourse in Slovenia and Austria. The article focuses on those parts of Austrian and Slovene Koroška (Carinthia), where organised resistance against Nazism formed between the years 1941 and 1945; the authors of this paper distinguish between three or four perspectives concerning the resistance theme: the regional German perspective, the Carinthian Slovene perspective in the Austrian part of the Koroška region, the Slovene perspective, and the Austrian perspective. The topic of resistance was a constant theme in Slovene and Carinthian Slovene literature before Slovenia’s independence in 1991. Since the 1970ies it also found its place in German Austrian literature, where for a long time this topic was linked mainly to Austrian exile literature, while Carinthian literature as a rule did not touch upon this theme but rather left it to journalism.