Jezik in slovstvo

Kodni sistem
Slovenska knjizevnost
Avtorji
Urednistvo <-> bralci

Jezik in slovstvo
Povzetki

Milko Maticetov

Od koroskega gralva 1238 do rezijanskega krajaua 1986
Form the Carinthian �Gralva� 1238 Unitil The Resian �Krajaua� 1986

Slovenski sinopsis
English synopsis
English summary

Slovenski sinopsis

Ko je nemski pesnik Ulrich von Lichtenstein porocal o svojem potovanju preko slovenskega ozemlja, je v svoji pesmi uporabil besedo gralva oz. kraljeva. To odkrije avtor tudi v stiski molitvi pa tudi v baladi, ki jo je vec kot 4. stoletja kasneje zapisal Matevz Ravnikar. V svoj Slovensko-nemski slovar jo je sprejel tudi Pletersnik, nepricakovana najdba rezijanskega molitvenika pa jo je odkrila tudi v Reziji.

English synopsis

When the German poet Ulrich von Lichtenstein reported on his voyage througt the Slovene territory, he used the word �gralva� or �kraljeva� in his poem. The same word has been discovered by the author also in the prayer from Sticna as well as in the ballad, which was more then four centuries later written down by Matevz Ravnikar. Pletersnik accepted it into his Slovene-German dictionary; an unexpected finding of a Resian prayer-book also demonstrated it in Resia.

English summary

The Slovene word �kraljeva�, subst. f., signifying �the queen� can first be found in the mediaeval poem �FRAUENDIENST� (1255). Its author, the German poet Ulrich von Lichtenstein reports about an event of some interest. When travelling from Venice to the North to participate in various tournaments, he was on may 1 1238 beyond the place called Tor (Vrata, Th�rl) at the entrance into the valley of the Zilja hailed by the Carinthian duke Bernhard and his knights in Slovene: �Buge waz primi, gralva Venus!� (Lichtenstein namely appeared at tournaments dressed up as Venus.) The same word appears again two hundred years later, in 1428: a Cistercian monk, who during the Jan Hus's religious fights withdrew from Bohemia to the Sticna monastery in the Dolenjska region, for his pastoral needs among the Slovenes wrote down also the prayer �Salve regina�, the incipit of which reads �Zhe

tyena body kralewa...� Then it took four centuries for the priest Matevz Ravnikar to write down somewhere in Carniola (1826-38) the ancient ballad �Kraljeva umorjena�. In the ballad the word �kraljeva�, excluding the title, appears eighteen times! From Ravnikar's manuscript collection it came into Korytko's published collection of Slovene folk songs (I, 1839) and consequently also into the first corpus of Slovene folk songs (K. Strekelj, 1895). The word was accepted by M. Pletersnik into the Slovene-German Dictionary (I, 1894). In the 19th century, after the ballad �Kraljeva umorjena� was published, it seemed that it had falled into oblivion and was substituted by the younger synonym �kraljica�, but then it emerged as an absolute surprise again (a century and a half after Ravnikar!), this time in Resian, the most archaic dialect of the Slovene language. The mini prayer-book (four pages only), published in 1986 in Udine and intended for the believers in the Resia valley (Italy), among other things also brought the prayer �Salve regina� with its incipit being �Saludana boditi krajaua...�
However, there are three other words in Resia to express the notion of �the queen�, apart from the unique word �krajaua�, which had not been known until 1986: �kraj

ca� (it appears in religious texts from the eigteenth century onwards); �krajesa� (the contamination of the Slovene basis �kralj-kraj�, �rex� and the Romance desinence --- essa) appears in fairy-tales; re

na (a borrowing from Italian) is used in the informal everyday speech.
By discussing the word �kraljeva� the author points to another equally formed Slovene word: �mojstrova� (a women expert, specialist, skilled worker) comes from the Carinthian-Slovene dialect area and was kept alive in the folk book Colemone-Shegen (a collection of witchcraft texts, apocryphal prayers, apologies, etc), first printed in Celovec-Klagenfurt or Salzburg about 1740.